英

英	U+82F1, 英 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82F1

← 苰
[U+82F0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

苲 →
[U+82F2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

英 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿中月大 (TLBK), four-corner 4453₀, composition ⿱艹央)

Derived characters

偀, 𠸄, 𡎘, 媖, 㡕, 渶, 愥, 暎, 朠, 楧, 煐, 瑛, 䁐, 碤, 䊔, 緓(绬), 蝧, 鍈(锳), 韺, 䭊
䣐, 㲟, 䚆, 鶧, 𩤯, 𪃳, 霙, 㢍, 䦫

References

KangXi: page 1024, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30808

Dae Jaweon: page 1484, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3192, character 1

Unihan data for U+82F1

Chinese

trad.		英
simp. ^#		英
alternative forms		偀 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (央) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鴦	qaːŋ, qaŋ
佒	*qaːŋ
咉	qaːŋ, qaːŋʔ
眏	*qaːŋ
姎	qaːŋ, qaːŋʔ
坱	*qaːŋʔ
映	qaːŋʔ, qraŋs
泱	qaːŋʔ, qaŋ
盎	qaːŋʔ, qaːŋs
駚	qaːŋʔ, qaŋʔ
軮	*qaːŋʔ
醠	qaːŋʔ, qaːŋs
央	*qaŋ
秧	qaŋ, qaŋʔ
殃	*qaŋ
鞅	qaŋ, qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
鉠	qaŋ, qraŋ
雵	*qaŋ
胦	qaŋ, qroːŋ
柍	*qaŋʔ
詇	qaŋʔ, qaŋs, *qraŋs
岟	*qaŋʔ
炴	*qaŋʔ
怏	qaŋʔ, qaŋs
紻	*qaŋʔ
英	*qraŋ
瑛	*qraŋ
霙	*qraŋ
韺	*qraŋ
媖	*qraŋ
渶	*qraŋ
鶧	*qraŋ
楧	*qraŋ
暎	*qraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qraŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).

Etymology

Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan & related to Mizo ân (“to open the mouth to receive food, to open to”) and âng (“to open (mouth), to gape with open mouth”), thus 英 (OC *qraŋ) evokes the mental image of an opening flower (Schuessler, 2007).

Besides, Schuessler points to Mizo êng (“light”) and Mizo ên (“to shine, to give light, bright, brilliant”) as well as notes Bahnar à:ŋ (“light”) (which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔaiŋ (“light, to shine”)), though he suggests that these Austroasiatic and Mizo items may be related to 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) instead (ibid.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ
(Chengdu, SP): yin¹
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jing¹
(Taishan, Wiktionary): yen¹
Gan (Wiktionary): in¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yîn
(Meixian, Guangdong): yin¹
Jin (Wiktionary): ing¹
Min Bei (KCR): éng
Min Dong (BUC): ĭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): iaⁿ / eng
(Teochew, Peng'im): êng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): in (T1)
Xiang (Wiktionary): in¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ying
  - Wade–Giles: ying¹
  - Yale: yīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
  - Palladius: ин (in)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing¹
  - Yale: yīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: in¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁴²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: in´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)in´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ing¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ĩŋ¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: éng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eiŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: viaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iã³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
  - Tâi-lô: ing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: efng
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /iɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

iaⁿ - vernacular;
eng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: in (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɪɲ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: in¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 英
Mandarin	Beijing	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/iŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/iŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/iŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/iŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iŋ²¹/
	Xining	/iə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/in⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/in⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/in⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/in³¹/
	Hefei	/in²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/iŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/iŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/in⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔin³³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠aŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/iʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/iɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/in³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/in³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/in⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/in⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/in²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jeŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/jeŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jiŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/eiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/eŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/eŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiæŋ/

Rime
Character	英
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於驚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ<r>aŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	英
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ<r>aŋ/
English	young grass plants
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	英
Reading #	1/1
No.	14510
Phonetic component	央
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	霙
Old Chinese	/*qraŋ/

Definitions

英

(literary) flower; blossom
- 彼其之子，美如英。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǐjì zhīzǐ, měi rú yīng. [Pinyin]
  That one is as beautiful as a flower.
- 忽逢桃花林，夾岸數百步，中無雜樹，芳草鮮美，落英繽紛。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
  Hū féng táohuā lín, jiā àn shù bǎi bù, zhōng wú zá shù, fāngcǎo xiānměi, luò yīng bīnfēn. [Pinyin]
  Suddenly, he came upon a forest of peach blossoms stretching for several hundred paces along both banks of the waterway. There were no stray trees mixed among them. There was a fresh and pleasing scent of fragrant grass. Fallen peach blossoms were scattered about in abundance.
(of a person) outstanding
英才 ― yīngcái ― person of outstanding ability
英姿 ― yīngzī ― heroic bearing
fine; excellent
英名 ― yīngmíng ― illustrious name
(literary) finest part; quintessence
含英咀華／含英咀华 ― hányīngjǔhuá ― to savour the merits of a literary work
hero; outstanding person
群英 ― qúnyīng ― ensemble of talents
Short for 英國／英国 (Yīngguó, “Britain”).
英軍／英军 ― yīngjūn ― British Armed Forces
(obsolete) panache on a lance
- 二矛重英 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Érmáo chóng yīng [Pinyin]
  The two lances' panaches flourished doubly
a surname
英布 ― Yīng Bù ― Ying Bu (warlord and vassal king who lived in the early Han dynasty)

Compounds

Derived terms from 英

一世英名
三英 (sānyīng)
仇英
作育英才
吉川英治
含英
女英 (Nǚyīng)
姜宸英
宗英
岑毓英
武英殿
民族英雄 (mínzú yīngxióng)
海英 (Hǎiyīng)
玄英
玉英
王英 (Wángyīng)
痛失英才
白英 (báiyīng)
百卉含英
石英 (shíyīng)
石英岩
石英玻璃
精英
紫石英 (zǐshíyīng)
群英 (qúnyīng)
耆英 (qíyīng)
舜英
若英
英中 (yīngzhōng)
英仙座 (Yīngxiānzuò)
英俊 (yīngjùn)
英儒
英制 (yīngzhì)
英勇 (yīngyǒng)
英吉沙 (Yīngjíshā)
英名 (yīngmíng)
英吾斯塘 (Yīngwúsītáng)
英姿 (yīngzī)
英媛
英寸 (yīngcùn)
英尺 (yīngchǐ)
英山 (Yīngshān)
英巴格 (Yīngbāgé)
英布
英年 (yīngnián)
英德 (Yīngdé)
英才 (yīngcái)
英拔
英挺 (yīngtǐng)
英文 (yīngwén)
英明 (yīngmíng)

英武 (yīngwǔ)
英毅
英烈 (yīngliè)
英烈千秋
英爽
英物
英特
英皇 (yīnghuáng)
英石 (yīngdàn)
英磅 (Yīngbàng)
英艾日克 (Yīng'àirìkè)
英英 (yīngyīng)
英豪 (yīngháo)
英阿瓦提 (Yīng'āwǎtí)
英雄 (yīngxióng)
英雄入彀
英雄末路
英雄本色
英髦
英魂 (yīnghún)
草莽英雄
菁英 (jīngyīng)
菁英分子
落英 (luòyīng)
蒲公英 (púgōngyīng)
豪英
黑英山 (Hēiyīngshān)
神采英拔
英明睿智
英里 (yīnglǐ, “mile”)
二噁英／二𫫇英 (èr'èyīng)
勝英／胜英 (Shèngyīng)
含英咀華／含英咀华 (hányīngjǔhuá)
吳文英／吴文英
咀英嚼華／咀英嚼华
大英國協／大英国协 (Dà Yīngguó Xié)
大英帝國／大英帝国 (Dàyīng Dìguó)
天縱英明／天纵英明
巾幗英雄／巾帼英雄 (jīnguóyīngxióng)
張谷英／张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
新英格蘭／新英格兰 (Xīn Yīnggélán)
李蓮英／李莲英
沈雲英／沈云英
無名英雄／无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
瑤英／瑶英
瓊英／琼英
石英錶／石英表
祝英臺／祝英台
精英樹／精英树
紫雲英／紫云英
群英會／群英会

英也爾／英也尔 (Yīngyě'ěr)
英傑／英杰 (yīngjié)
英兩／英两 (yīngliǎng)
英勇善戰／英勇善战
英勇無敵／英勇无敌
英勇雄壯／英勇雄壮
英噸／英吨 (yīngdūn)
英國／英国 (Yīngguó)
英國國教／英国国教
英國管／英国管 (yīngguóguǎn)
英姿煥發／英姿焕发
英姿邁往／英姿迈往
英姿颯爽／英姿飒爽
英尋／英寻 (yīngxún)
英才俊偉／英才俊伟
英格蘭／英格兰 (Yīnggélán)
英氣／英气 (yīngqì)
英氣勃勃／英气勃勃
英氣逼人／英气逼人
英氣風發／英气风发
英法聯軍／英法联军
英特邁往／英特迈往
英畝／英亩 (yīngmǔ)
英發／英发
英聲／英声
英聲茂實／英声茂实
英華／英华
英語／英语 (yīngyǔ)
英語民族／英语民族
英買里／英买里 (Yīngmǎilǐ)
英銳／英锐
英鎊／英镑 (Yīngbàng)
英雄主義／英雄主义
英雄好漢／英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn)
英雄所見略同／英雄所见略同 (yīngxióng suǒjiànlüètóng)
英雄樹／英雄树
英雄氣短／英雄气短
英雄無用武之地／英雄无用武之地 (yīngxióng wú yòngwǔ zhī dì)
英雄短氣／英雄短气
英雄豪傑／英雄豪杰 (yīngxióngháojié)
英靈／英灵 (yīnglíng)
英風／英风
英風偉烈／英风伟烈
英風宛在／英风宛在
英風義氣／英风义气
茂實英聲／茂实英声
蘭英／兰英 (Lányīng)
蜚英騰茂／蜚英腾茂
雲英／云英
雲英未嫁／云英未嫁
颯爽英姿／飒爽英姿

Japanese

Kanji

英

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

English
flower, petal

Readings

Go-on: よう (yō)
Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō); え (e)
Kun: はなぶさ (hanabusa, 英); はな (hana, 英); ひいでる (hīderu, 英でる)
Nanori: ひで (hide)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
英
えい Grade: 4
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 英 (MC ʔˠiæŋ).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) えー [éꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [e̞ː]

Proper noun

英(えい) • (Ei)

Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).

Affix

英(えい) • (ei)

Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).
Short for 英語 (eigo, “English (language)”).
outstanding; outstanding person
flower; calyx

Derived terms

英(えい)気(き) (eiki)
英(えい)語(ご) (eigo)
英(えい)国(こく) (eikoku)
英(えい)和(わ) (eiwa)
英(えい)断(だん) (eidan)
英(えい)知(ち) (eichi)
英(えい)智(ち) (Eichi)
英(えい)文(ぶん) (eibun)
英(えい)雄(ゆう) (eiyū)
英(えい)里(り) (eiri)
英(えい)霊(れい) (eirei)
石(せき)英(えい) (sekiei)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 英 (MC ʔˠiæŋ).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅙᅧᇰ (Yale: qyèng)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	곳부리 (Yale: kwòspwùlì)	여ᇰ (Yale: yèng)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jʌ̹ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [영]

Hanja

Wikisource英 (eumhun 꽃부리 영 (kkotburi yeong))

Hanja form^? of 영 (“the UK, Great Britain (in compounds, in news media)”).
Hanja form^? of 영 (“petal”). [affix]

Compounds

영국 (英國, yeongguk)
영어 (英語, yeong'eo)
영웅 (英雄, yeong'ung)
영위 (英偉, yeong'wi)
영재 (英才, yeongjae)

Proper noun

Hanja in this term
英

英 • (Yeong) (hangeul 영)

(in headlines) Short for 英(영)國(국) (Yeongguk, “the United Kingdom”).

Usage notes

In news headlines, this is often written in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

英: Hán Việt readings: anh
英: Nôm readings: anh, yêng

Noun

英 • (anh)

Nôm form of anh (“older brother”).

References

Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN