苫

苫	U+82EB, 苫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82EB

← 苪
[U+82EA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

苬 →
[U+82EC]

Translingual

Han character

苫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口 (TYR), four-corner 4460₁, composition ⿱艹占)

rush or straw matting

References

KangXi: page 1024, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30802

Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3189, character 6

Unihan data for U+82EB

Chinese

trad.		苫
simp. ^#		苫

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shàn (shan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sim³
Min Nan (POJ): siàm / chiam

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
  - Wade–Giles: shan⁴
  - Yale: shàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sim³
  - Yale: sim
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sim³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xim³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siàm
  - Tâi-lô: siàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiam²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
  - Tâi-lô: tsiam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɕiᴇm/, /ɕiᴇm^H/

Rime
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失廉切	舒贍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇm/	/ɕiᴇm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæm/	/ɕjæm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiam/	/ɕiam^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛm/	/ɕĭɛm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛm/	/ɕi̯ɛm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim¹	sim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tem/, /*s-tem-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*hljem/, /*hljems/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ syem ›	‹ syem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tem/	/*s-tem-s/
English	thatch	thatch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16710	16712
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	苫	閃
Old Chinese	/*hljem/	/*hljems/

Definitions

苫

to cover with a straw mat, tarpaulin, etc.

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shān (shan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sim¹
Min Nan (POJ): siam

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shān
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shan
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹
  - Yale: shān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sim¹
  - Yale: sīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siam
  - Tâi-lô: siam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɕiᴇm/, /ɕiᴇm^H/

Rime
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失廉切	舒贍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇm/	/ɕiᴇm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæm/	/ɕjæm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiam/	/ɕiam^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛm/	/ɕĭɛm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛm/	/ɕi̯ɛm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim¹	sim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tem/, /*s-tem-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*hljem/, /*hljems/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ syem ›	‹ syem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tem/	/*s-tem-s/
English	thatch	thatch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16710	16712
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	苫	閃
Old Chinese	/*hljem/	/*hljems/

Definitions

苫

straw mat

Japanese

Kanji

苫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

woven mat

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)}^{←せむ (semu, ancient)}
Kan-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)}^{←せむ (semu, ancient)}
Kun: とま (toma, 苫)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
苫
とま Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

篷

Etymology 1

⟨to₂ma⟩ → */təma/ → /toma/

Likely from Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from the verb 泊(と)まる (tomaru, “to stay”), or from 止(と)まる (tomaru, “to stop”), in reference to thatched roofs under which boats or people stay, or which stop falling rain. Other suggested sources include 鳥羽(とは) (toha, “bird's wing; feather”) or 戸(と) (to, “door; house”) + 衣(も) (mo, “clothing; covering”).[1]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) とま [tóꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
IPA^(key): [to̞ma̠]

Noun

苫(とま) • (toma)

a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 6, poem 302; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 1)
  秋(あき)の田(た)のかりほの庵(いほ)の苫(とま)をあらみわが衣(ころも)手(で)は露(つゆ)にぬれつつ
  aki no ta no kariho no io no toma o arami waga koromode wa tsuyu ni nuretsutsu
  Coarse is the rush mat of my harvest-hut, sheltering the harvested ears of this autumn day; so my sleeves are growing wet with the evening dew.[3]
(historical) in the Edo period, a kimono worn by carpenters

Derived terms

苫(とま)小(こ)牧(まい) (Tomakomai)
苫(とま)手(て) (tomate)
苫(とま)の屋(や) (toma no ya)
苫(とま)庇(びさし) (tomabisashi)
苫(とま)舟(ぶね), 苫(とま)船(ぶね) (tomabune)
苫(とま)葺(ぶ)き (tomabuki)
苫(とま)屋(や) (tomaya)

Proper noun

苫(とま) • (Toma)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
苫
とば Hyōgaiji
irregular

Nasal /-m-/ → plosive /-b-/ variant of toma above.

Noun

苫(とば) • (toba)

(rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
(rare) a kimono

Derived terms

長(なが)苫(とば) (nagatoba)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
苫
のま Hyōgaiji
irregular

Attested in the Iroha Jiruishō (c. 12th century).

Plosive /t-/ → nasal /n-/ variant of toma above.

Contemporary attestation in the Tōhoku and Hokuriku regions of northern Japan.[4]

Noun

苫(のま) • (noma)

(rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Andrea Grafetstätter; Sieglinde Hartmann (2011), James Michael Ogier, editor, Islands and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History: Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (Volume 14 of Beihefte zur Mediaevistik), illustrated edition, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 116
1989, 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

苫 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

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[1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] Andrea Grafetstätter; Sieglinde Hartmann (2011), James Michael Ogier, editor, Islands and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History: Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (Volume 14 of Beihefte zur Mediaevistik), illustrated edition, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 116

[4] 1989, 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan