苧

See also: 苎, 薴, and 柠

苧	U+82E7, 苧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82E7

← 苦
[U+82E6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

苨 →
[U+82E8]

Translingual

Han character

苧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十一弓 (TJMN) or X廿十一弓 (XTJMN), four-corner 4420₁, composition ⿱艹宁)

References

KangXi: page 1024, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30798

Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3196, character 4

Unihan data for U+82E7

Chinese

Glyph origin

Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 薴 (“disorderly; messy; etc.”). (This character, 苧, is the simplified form of 薴.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

trad.		苧
simp.		苎
alternative forms		紵／纻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (宁) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
貯	*taʔ
詝	*taʔ
柠	*tʰaʔ
宁	da, daʔ
佇	*daʔ
竚	*daʔ
苧	*daʔ
紵	*daʔ
羜	*daʔ
眝	*daʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *daʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cyu⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
  - Wade–Giles: chu⁴
  - Yale: jù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cyu⁵
  - Yale: chyúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: qu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰyː¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ɖɨʌ^X/

Rime
Character	苧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ȡiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ȡĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*daʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苧
Reading #	1/1
No.	17635
Phonetic component	宁
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*daʔ/
Notes	同芧又爲紵後起字

Definitions

苧

Boehmeria nivea (ramie)

Compounds

白苧／白苎
績麻拈苧／绩麻拈苎

苧麻／苎麻 (zhùmá)

麻苧／麻苎

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 苧 – see 芧 (“chestnut oak”). (This character, 苧, is a variant form of 芧.)

Japanese

Kanji

苧

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ま (ma)
Kun: お (o, 苧)^{←を (wo, historical)}; むし (mushi); からむし (karamushi, 苧); からんし (karanshi, 苧); こるむし (korumushi, 苧)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
苧
お Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

Alternative forms

麻

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [o̞]

Noun

苧(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)^?}

hemp or ramie
- c. 918, Honzō Wamyō
  苧根山苧_{相似、不入用}和名乎乃祢
thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie
a textile made from this thread

Synonyms

(hemp): 麻(あさ) (asa)
(ramie): 苧(からむし) (karamushi)
(thread, in general): 糸(いと) (ito)

Derived terms

苧(お)の実(み)油(あぶら) (onomiabura): oil from the hemp or ramie seed
苧(お)引(ひ)き, 苧(お)引(ひき) (ohiki): the process of pulling the hemp or ramie fibers from the husk
苧(お)屋(や) (oya): a shop or store selling ramie
桶(おけ) (oke): a tub or basin
苧(お)桶(おけ) (ooke): a tub or basin in which the collected hemp or ramie fibers are placed

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
苧
むし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Possibly the original name for the plant, or for the fiber from this plant.

Compare Korean 모시 (mosi, “ramie cloth; ramie plant”), Ainu モセ (mose), ムセ (muse, “nettle plant; bast fiber in general”). Alexander Vovin believes that the Old Japanese word was borrowed from Korean.

Alternative forms

枲 (rare), 帔 (rare)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

苧(むし) • (mushi)

(obsolete) old name for karamushi: the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea
short for 帔(むしのたれぎぬ), 枲(むし)の垂(た)れ衣(ぎぬ) (mushi no tareginu), a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
苧
からむし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Appears to be a compound of 殻 (kara, “husk”) +‎ 苧 (mushi, “ramie fiber”).

Some sources suggest that the mushi component derives from 蒸し (mushi, “steaming”), from verb 蒸す (musu, “to steam something; to be steamy or muggy”). However, ramie is not processed using steam, so these are more likely to be folk etymologies.

Alternative forms

苧麻, 紵 (rare), 枲 (rare), 葈 (rare)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) からむし [kàráꜜmùshì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][3]
(Tokyo) からむし [kàrámúshí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠mɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

苧(からむし) • (karamushi)

the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea)
a thread made from the fibers of this plant
a textile made from this thread
- circa 800, Shibunritsu Ongi (page 47)[4]
  蒭麻衣 加良牟斯衣

Derived terms

苧(からむし)頭(ず)巾(きん) (karamushi zukin): a 頭巾 (zukin, “headcloth, bandana”) made from ramie

References

Boehmeria at The Plant List

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
苧
からんし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/karamuɕi/ → /karanɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

苧(からんし) • (karanshi)

(rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
(rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
(rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
苧
こるむし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/karamuɕi/ → /korumuɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [ko̞ɾɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

苧(こるむし) • (korumushi)

(rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
(rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
(rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread
- circa 800, Shibunritsu Ongi (page 47)[4]
  纎麻衣 古流牟斯衣

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
苧
ま Hyōgaiji
kan’yōon

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC ɳˠɛŋ), but read with the on'yomi from 麻 (ma, “hemp”). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù), 麻 (má).

Alternative forms

麻

Pronunciation

Kan’yōyomi

IPA^(key): [ma̠]

Affix

苧(ま) • (ma)

the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

Derived terms

苧(ま)物(もの) (mamono): a rope or line made of hemp or ramie fiber
苧(ま)麻(お) (mao): ramie; a kind of thread made from ramie; (slang) adultery

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
苧
ちょ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC ɳˠɛŋ). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]

Affix

苧(ちょ) • (cho)

the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

Derived terms

苧(ちょ)麻(ま) (choma): hemp or ramie

References

c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3484), text here
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Tsukishima, Hiroshi (circa 800) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47

Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923), Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)

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Vietnamese

Han character

苧: Hán Nôm readings: trữ

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[1] . 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3484), text here

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[shibunritsu-4] Tsukishima, Hiroshi (circa 800) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47