苦海

苦海

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	ocean; sea
trad. (苦海)		苦	海
simp. #(苦海)		苦	海

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit दुःख समुद्र (duḥkha samudra).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǔhǎi

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄏㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² hoi²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-hói
• Min Nan (POJ): khó͘-hái
• Wu (Wiktionary): khu he (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: kǔhǎi [Phonetic: kúhǎi]
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄏㄞˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuhae
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² hoi²
    • Yale: fú hói
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² hoi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² hoi²
    • IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ hɔːy̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-hói
    • Hakka Romanization System: ku` hoi`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ hoi³
    • IPA: /kʰu³¹ hoi̯³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-hái
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-hái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofhae
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ haɪ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ haɪ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ haɪ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ haɪ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ haɪ⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: khu he (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰv̩ʷ³³ he̞⁴⁴/

Noun

苦海

1. (Buddhism) the sea of bitterness; the ocean of suffering; the abyss of misery; this (weary) world

   脫離苦海 / 脱离苦海  ―  tuōlí kǔhǎi  ―  to escape from the abyss of misery

Derived terms

出苦海 無邊苦海／无边苦海 脫離苦海／脱离苦海 芒芒苦海

苦海無涯／苦海无涯 苦海無邊／苦海无边 苦海無邊，回頭是岸／苦海无边，回头是岸 茫茫苦海