苦力

苦力

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	power; force; strength
trad. (苦力)		苦	力
simp. #(苦力)		苦	力

Etymology

Compare English coolie, Hindi क़ुली (qulī), Turkish köle.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǔlì

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² lik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-li̍t
• Min Nan (POJ): khó͘-lia̍k / khó͘-le̍k / khó͘-la̍t / ku-lí / khó͘-lo̍h

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: kǔlì
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuulih
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² lik⁶
    • Yale: fú lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² lik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² lig⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ lɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-li̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: ku` lid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ lid⁶
    • IPA: /kʰu³¹ lit̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofliak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoflek
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-la̍t
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-la̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoflat
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lat̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku-lí
    • Tâi-lô: ku-lí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kulie
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ku⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-lo̍h
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-lo̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofloih
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ loʔ⁴/

Noun

苦力

1. labor; hard work
2. coolie; laborer

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
苦	力
くー Grade: 3	りー Grade: 1
Irregular

Etymology

Ateji (当て字).
Borrowed from Mandarin 苦力 (kǔlì).[1]

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) ク​ーリー [kúꜜùrìì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝːɾʲiː]

Noun

苦力 (katakana クーリー, rōmaji kūrī)

1. a coolie

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN