若

若

若 U+82E5, 若 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82E5 ← 苤 [U+82E4] CJK Unified Ideographs 苦 → [U+82E6]

若 U+F974, 若 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F974 ← 拾 [U+F973] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 掠 → [U+F975]

若 U+2F998, 若 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F998 ← 𦬼 [U+2F997] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 茝 → [U+2F999]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese

Han character

若 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿大口 (TKR), four-corner 4460₄, composition ⿱艹右)

References

• KangXi: page 1023, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30796
• Dae Jaweon: page 1482, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3187, character 7
• Unihan data for U+82E5
• Unihan data for U+F974
• Unihan data for U+2F998

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 若
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (若) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
若	*nja, *njaʔ, *njaɡ
婼	*nja, *nje, *n̥ʰaɡ
惹	*njaʔ, *njaɡ
諾	*naːɡ
蠚	*hnaːɡ, *n̥ʰaɡ
逽	*naɡ
蹃	*naɡ, *rnaːɡ
箬	*njaɡ
楉	*njaɡ
鄀	*njaɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a person combing their hair; obedient.

Etymology 1

trad.		若
simp. #		若
alternative forms		叒

“you; your”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

"like this; such; if"

Derived from 如 (OC *nja, *njas) with distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 諾 (OC *naːɡ, “to agree; to say yes”).

"that"

Cognate with 那 (nà, “that”), 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “that”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruò (ruo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): na / ngiâ / yo̍k
• Min Dong (BUC): nâ / iŏk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ná / nā / nǎ / lio̍k / jio̍k / jia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): riag⁸ / riêh⁸ / rioh⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): zaq (T5)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
    • Wade–Giles: jo⁴
    • Yale: rwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
    • Palladius: жо (žo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐwɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: joek⁶
    • Yale: yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: na / ngiâ / yo̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: na / ngia´ / iog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: na⁴ / ngia¹ / yog⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /na⁵⁵/, /ɲi̯a²⁴/, /i̯ok̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: na / ngiâ / yo̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: na / ngia´ / (r)iog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: na⁴ / ngia¹ / yog⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /na⁵⁵/, /ɲi̯a²⁴/, /(j)i̯ok̚⁵/

Note:

• na - vernacular (“if”);
• ngiâ - vernacular (“your");
• yo̍k - literary.

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nâ / iŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡɑ²⁴²/, /yoʔ⁵/

Note:

• nâ - vernacular (“if”);
• iŏk - literary.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ná
    • Tâi-lô: ná
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nar
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nã⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /nã⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nã⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nā
    • Tâi-lô: nā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: na
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nã²²/
    • IPA (Singapore): /na²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nã³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǎ
    • Tâi-lô: nǎ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nã²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: jio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: jia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiak
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiak̚¹²¹/

Note:

• ná - vernacular (“like; as if”);
• nā/nǎ - vernacular (“if”);
• lio̍k/jio̍k/jia̍k - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: riag⁸ / riêh⁸ / rioh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jia̍k / jie̍h / jio̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziak̚⁴/, /d͡zieʔ⁴/, /d͡zioʔ⁴/

Note:

• riag8 - literary (“if; like; as if”);
• riêh8/rioh8 - vernacular (dialectal usage - "how much", "so") (riêh8 - Chaozhou).

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: zaq (T5)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̥a̱ʔ¹²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 若
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐuo⁵¹/
	Harbin	/iau⁵³/ /ʐuo⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʐɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/luə²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐuo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/vo²¹/
	Xining	/u²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐuə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/və¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐuɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/io²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zo³¹/
	Guiyang	/zo²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐo³¹/
	Nanjing	/ioʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʐuɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zuaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʐʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ʐuaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ja²¹³/ /ȵa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/iɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/io²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/io²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/iok̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/ʒok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jœk̚²/
	Nanning	/jœk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jœk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/nuoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ziak̚⁵/ /zioʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ziɔk̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ȵɨɐk̚/

Rime
Character	若
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	陽 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而灼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ȵiak̚/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ruò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njaɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	若	若
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ruò	ruò
Middle Chinese	‹ nyak ›	‹ nyak ›
Old Chinese	/*nak/	/*nak/
English	you	agree
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	若
Reading #	3/3
No.	10940
Phonetic component	若
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	若
Old Chinese	/*njaɡ/
Notes	叒加口轉註

Definitions

若

1. ^† to be obedient to; compliant
2. ^† to trim vegetables
3. ^† to choose
4. ^† you; your

   • 既使我與若辯矣，若勝我，我不若勝，若果是也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     既使我与若辩矣，若胜我，我不若胜，若果是也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Jì shǐ wǒ yǔ ruò biàn yǐ, ruò shèng wǒ, wǒ bù ruò shèng, ruò guǒ shì yě? [Pinyin]

     If you and I debate, you defeat me and I cannot defeat you, are you really correct?

   • 吾翁即若翁。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Wú wēng jí ruò wēng. [Pinyin]

     My father is just the same as your father.

5. ^† he; his
6. like; as if

   旁若無人／旁若无人  ―  pángruòwúrén  ―  as if no one is nearby

   • 讀若闌。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     读若阑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE

     Dú ruò lán. [Pinyin]

     Read as "闌／阑".

7. if; supposing; assuming

   天若有情天亦老。  ―  Tiān ruò yǒu qíng tiān yì lǎo.  ―  If Heaven had feelings, Heaven too would grow old.

   • 若她終於見隻紙船　盤旋夢裡千百轉 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     若她终于见只纸船　盘旋梦里千百转 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 許冠傑／许冠杰, 紙船

     joek⁶ taa¹ zung¹ jyu¹ gin³ zek³ zi² syun⁴, pun⁴ syun⁴ mung⁶ leoi⁵ cin¹ baak³ zyun² [Jyutping]

     If she finally sees the paper boat / spiraling in dreams

8. in this way
9. (Chinese mythology) Ruo, mythological divine being of the northern seas

   • 於是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而歎。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     于是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而叹。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yúshì yān Hé Bó shǐ xuán qí miànmù, wàng yáng xiàng Ruò ér tàn. [Pinyin]

     Then He Bo began to turn his face round, looked across the expanse, as if he were confronting Ruo, and sighed.

   • 使湘靈鼓瑟兮，令海若舞馮夷。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     使湘灵鼓瑟兮，令海若舞冯夷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Shǐ Xiāng líng gǔ sè xī, lìng hǎi Ruò wǔ Féng Yí. [Pinyin]

     I invite the Genius of River Xiang to play the se, and the oceanic Ruo to dance with Feng Yi of the Yellow River.

10. Pollia japonica
11. a surname

Synonyms

• (like):

edit

Synonyms of 若

不啻 (bùchì) (literary) 似 (sì) (Classical Chinese, Cantonese) 似乎 (sìhū) 似如 (Xiang) 像 (xiàng) 像是 (xiàngshì) 好似 (hǎosì) 好像 (hǎoxiàng) 好比 (hǎobǐ) 如同 (rútóng) 宛 (wǎn) (Classical Chinese, or compounds only) 宛如 (wǎnrú) (literary) 宛然 (wǎnrán) (literary) 宛若 (wǎnruò) (literary) 就像 (jiùxiàng) 忽如 (hūrú) (literary) 恍若 (huǎngruò)

敢若 (Min Nan) 敢若是 (Min Nan) 有如 (yǒurú) (formal) 甲像 (Min Nan) 甲像是 (Min Nan) 看上去 (kàn shàngqù) 看似 (kànsì) 若像 (Min Nan) 表面上 (biǎomiànshang) 象 (xiàng) 貌似 (màosì) 像係／像系 (Hakka) 儼如／俨如 (yǎnrú) (literary) 儼然／俨然 (yǎnrán) 儼若／俨若 (yǎnruò) (literary) 勝如／胜如 (Wu)

彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú) 猶似／犹似 (yóusì) (literary) 猶像／犹像 (yóuxiàng) (literary) 猶如／犹如 (yóurú) (formal) 甲親像／甲亲像 (Min Nan) 看來／看来 (kànlái) 看樣子／看样子 (kànyàngzi) 看起來／看起来 (kànqilai) 若親像／若亲像 (Min Nan) 親像／亲像 (Hakka, Min Nan) 賽可／赛可 (Ningbo) 較像／较像 (Min Nan) 較像是／较像是 (Min Nan) 較親像／较亲像 (Min Nan) 顯得／显得 (xiǎnde) 𣍐輸／𫧃输 (bē-su) (Min Nan)

Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 †, 卿 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		你, 您 †, 閣下 †, 臺端
Mandarin	Beijing	你, 您 †, 您老人家 †
	Taiwan	你, 您 †
	Tianjin	你, 你了 †
	Chengde	你, 您老人家 †
	Tangshan	你, 你老 †
	Cangzhou	你, 你老 †
	Baoding	你, 你老 †
	Shijiazhuang	你, 你家 †
	Ulanhot	你
	Tongliao	你
	Chifeng	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Bayanhot	你, 您 †
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Heihe	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Qiqihar	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Harbin	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
	Jiamusi	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Baicheng	你, 你老 †, 你老人家 †
	Changchun	你, 你老 †
	Tonghua	你, 你老 †
	Shenyang	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
	Dandong	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Jinzhou	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Dalian	你, 你老 †
	Yantai	你
	Yantai (Muping)	你
	Qingdao	你
	Lijin	你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
	Weifang (Weicheng)	你
	Weifang (Fangzi)	你
	Weifang (Hanting)	你
	Changyi	你
	Gaomi	你, 恁
	Zhucheng	你, 恁
	Anqiu	你
	Changle	你
	Linqu	你, 恁
	Qingzhou	你
	Shouguang	你
	Wulian	你
	Jinan	你, 你老人家 †
	Luoyang	你
	Wanrong	你
	Shangqiu	你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
	Yuanyang	你, 你老 †
	Zhengzhou	你, 你老人家 †
	Lingbao	你
	Xinyang	你, 你老人家 †
	Baihe	你, 你老兒 †
	Hanzhong	你
	Xi'an	你, 你老人家 †
	Dingbian	你
	Baoji	你, 你老人家 †
	Yinchuan	你, 你老人家 †
	Tianshui	你, 你老人家 †
	Lanzhou	你
	Xining	你, 喬, 你老人家 †
	Hami	你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Ürümqi	你, 你老人家 †
	Yanqi	你
	Wuhan	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Yichang	你, 你家 †, 老人家 †, 你老人家 †
	Xiangyang	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Tianmen	你, 您哪 †, 你老人家 †
Hong'an	你, 你老人家 †
Chengdu	你, 你老人家 †
Nanchong	你, 你老人家 †
Dazhou	你, 你老人家 †
Hanyuan	你, 你老人家 †
Xichang	你, 你老 †
Zigong	你, 你老人家 †
Chongqing	你, 你老人家 †
Guiyang	你, 你老人家 †
Zunyi	你, 你老人家 †
Bijie	你
Liping	你, 您 †
Zhaotong	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Dali	你, 你家 †
Kunming	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Mengzi	你, 你老人家 †
Guilin	你, 你老人家 †
Liuzhou	你, 你老人家 †
Nanning (Xiakuojie)	你
Nanning (Fujian)	你
Nanning (Wuming)	你
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)	你
Binyang (Nanjie)	你
Qinzhou (Longmengang)	你
Jishou	你
Changde	你, 你家 †
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	你
Anqing	你, 你老人家 †
Xuzhou	恁, 你, 你老人家 †
Pizhou	恁, 你
Ganyu	你
Fuyang	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Wuhu	你, 你老人家 †
Yangzhou	你, 你老人家 †
Baoying	你
Lianyungang	你, 你老人家 †
Donghai	你
Huai'an (Huaiyin)	你, 您兒 †
Lianshui	你
Xuyi	你
Xinghua	你
Nanjing	你, 你老人家 †
Hefei	你, 你老人家 †
Nantong	你, 你老人家 †
Rugao	你
Yancheng	你
Funing	你
Sihong	你
Taizhou	你
Zhenjiang	你
Changle (Qinjiang)	你
Malaysia	你, 您 †
Singapore	你, 您 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	你
Dagudi (Maliba)	你
Reshuitang (Longling)	你
Mae Salong (Lancang)	你
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	你
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	你
Cantonese	Guangzhou	你
	Hong Kong	你
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	你
	Macau	你
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	你
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	你
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	你
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	你
	Foshan	你
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	你
	Foshan (Shunde)	你
	Foshan (Sanshui)	你
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	你
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	你
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	你
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	你
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	你
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	你
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	你
	Taishan	你
	Kaiping (Chikan)	你
	Enping (Niujiang)	你
	Heshan (Yayao)	你
	Dongguan	你
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	你
	Qingyuan	你
	Fogang	你
	Yingde (Hanguang)	你
	Yangshan	你
	Lianshan (Butian)	你
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	你
	Shaoguan	你
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	你
	Renhua	你
	Lechang	你
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	你
	Sihui	你
	Guangning	你
	Deqing	你
	Huaiji	你
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	你
	Yunfu	你
	Xinxing	你
	Luoding	你
	Yunan (Pingtai)	你
	Yangjiang	你
	Xinyi	你
	Lianjiang	你
	Nanning	你
	Baise	你
	Qinzhou	你
	Beihai	你
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	你
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	你
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	你
	Danzhou	你
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	你
	Penang (Guangfu)	你
	Singapore (Guangfu)	你
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	你
	Móng Cái	你
Gan	Nanchang	爾, 恁
	Nanchang (Wangcheng)	恁
	Anyi	爾仂
	Lushan	爾
	Pengze	爾
	Duchang	爾, 爾儂
	Wuning (Quankou)	恁
	Poyang	你
	Yugan	你, 你郎
	Wannian	你
	Hengfeng	爾, 爾仂
	Yanshan	爾, 爾仂
	Leping	你
	Yichun	你
	Yifeng	爾
	Gao'an	爾
	Fengxin	你
	Shanggao	爾
	Wanzai	爾
	Fengcheng	你
	Xinyu	你
	Fuzhou (Shangdundu)	你
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	爾仂
	Nancheng	恁
	Nanfeng	你仂, 你
	Yihuang	恁
	Lichuan	汝
	Chongren	爾
	Pingxiang	恨, 你
	Lianhua	你
	Ji'an	你
	Yongfeng	恁
	Taihe	你
	Xiajiang	你
	Yongxin	你
	Yingtan (Yujiang)	爾
	Guixi	爾, 爾仂
	Jianning	你
	Jinxian	恁, 爾
	Jinxi	恁
	Le'an	你
	Guangchang	你
	Anfu	你
	Suichuan	你
	Wan'an	你
	Jing'an	爾
	Zhangshu	你
	Xingan	你
	Fenyi	你
Hakka	Meixian	你
	Xingning	你
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	你
	Huiyang	你
	Huidong (Daling)	你
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	你
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	你
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	你
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	你
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	你
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	你
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	你
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	你
	Liannan	你
	Conghua (Lütian)	你
	Jiexi	你
	Changting	你
	Shanghang	汝
	Yongding	汝
	Wuping	你
	Wuping (Pingyu)	你
	Liancheng	你
	Ninghua	你
	Qingliu	你
	Yudu	你
	Ningdu	恁
	Ruijin	你
	Shicheng	你
	Shangyou (Shexi)	你
	Dayu	你
	Dingnan	你
	Longnan	你
	Xunwu	爾
	Huichang	恨, 爾
	Nankang	你
	Chongyi	你
	Xingguo	你
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	你
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	你
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	你
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	你
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	你
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	你
	Hong Kong	你
	Luchuan	你
	Bobai (Shahe)	你
	Bobai (Longtan)	你
	Bobai (Lingping)	你
	Bobai (Lingjiao)	你
	Sabah (Longchuan)	你
	Senai (Huiyang)	你
	Kuching (Hepo)	你
	Singkawang	你
	Bangkok (Meixian)	你
Huizhou	Jixi	爾, 爾仂
	Shexian	爾, 你, 你老人家 †
	Tunxi	爾, 爾仂
	Wuyuan	爾
	Fuliang	爾
	Dexing	爾
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	爾
	Jiande (Meicheng)	爾
	Jiande (Shouchang)	曾, 曾儂
Jin	Taiyuan	你, 你家 †
	Yangyuan	你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Datong	你, 您兒 †
	Xinzhou	你, 你吶 †
	Lishi	你, 你老兒家 †
	Linfen	你
	Changzhi	你
	Taibus (Baochang)	你, 您 †
	Linhe	你, 您 †, 你老兒家 †
	Jining	你, 您 †, 你家 †
	Hohhot	你, 您 †, 您老兒家 †
	Baotou	你, 您 †
	Dongsheng	你, 您 †
	Haibowan	你, 您 †
	Erenhot	你, 您兒 †
	Pingshan	你
	Zhangjiakou	你, 您 †, 你老 †
	Handan	你, 你老人家 †
	Linzhou	你
	Suide	你
Min Bei	Jian'ou	你
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	你
	Songxi	你
	Zhenghe	你
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	汝
	Jianyang	你
	Wuyishan	你
	Pucheng (Shibei)	你
Min Dong	Fuzhou	汝
	Changle	汝
	Lianjiang	汝
	Fuqing	汝
	Pingtan	汝
	Yongtai	汝
	Minqing	汝
	Gutian	汝
	Pingnan	汝
	Luoyuan	汝
	Fu'an	汝
	Ningde	汝
	Xiapu	汝
	Zherong	汝
	Shouning	汝
	Zhouning	汝
	Fuding	汝
	Matsu	汝
	Taishun	爾
	Cangnan	爾
	Singapore (Fuqing)	汝
	Manjung (Gutian)	汝
Min Nan	Xiamen	汝
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	汝
	Quanzhou	汝
	Jinjiang	汝
	Nan'an	汝
	Shishi	汝
	Hui'an	汝
	Anxi	汝
	Yongchun	汝
	Dehua	汝
	Zhangzhou	汝
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	汝
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	汝
	Hua'an	汝
	Nanjing	汝
	Pinghe	汝
	Zhangpu	汝
	Yunxiao	汝
	Zhao'an	汝
	Dongshan	汝
	Taipei	汝
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	汝
	Kaohsiung	汝
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	汝
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	汝
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	汝
	Yilan	汝
	Changhua (Lukang)	汝
	Taichung	汝
	Taichung (Wuqi)	汝
	Tainan	汝
	Taitung	汝
	Hsinchu	汝
	Kinmen	汝
	Penghu (Magong)	汝
	Penang (Hokkien)	汝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	汝
	Manila (Hokkien)	汝
	Medan (Hokkien)	汝
	Longyan	汝
	Zhangping	汝
	Datian	汝
	Guilin (Biyange)	汝
	Chaozhou	汝
	Shantou	汝
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	汝
	Jieyang	汝
	Haifeng	汝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	汝
	Singapore (Teochew)	汝
	Pontianak (Teochew)	汝
	Leizhou	汝
	Wenchang	汝
	Haikou	汝
	Singapore (Hainanese)	汝
Puxian Min	Putian	汝
	Xianyou	汝
Min Zhong	Yong'an	你
	Sanyuan	你
	Shaxian	你
	Yanping (Wangtai)	你
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	𫣴
	Guangze	𫣴
	Mingxi	你
	Shunchang	你
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	汝
	Sanxiang	汝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	你
Shehua	Fu'an	你
	Fuding	你
	Luoyuan	你
	Sanming	你
	Shunchang	你
	Hua'an	你
	Guixi (Zhangping)	你
	Cangnan	你
	Jingning	你
	Lishui	你
	Longyou	你
	Chaozhou	你
	Fengshun	你
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	你
Wu	Shanghai	儂
	Shanghai (Chongming)	爾
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	儂
	Shanghai (Jiading)	儂, 甚, 恆儂
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	是奴
	Suzhou	倷
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	㑚
	Wuxi	你
	Changshu	儂
	Kunshan	能
	Haimen	你
	Jiaxing	你
	Jiashan	你
	Pinghu	爾儂
	Haining (Yanguan)	儂, 你
	Tongxiang	儂
	Haiyan	你
	Changzhou	你
	Danyang	爾
	Gaochun	你
	Huzhou	是爾
	Changxing	是爾
	Anji	爾
	Deqing	爾
	Hangzhou	你
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	儂, 是儂, 爾, 是爾
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	儂, 是儂
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	儂, 你, 爾, 是爾
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	爾
	Tonglu	你, 是你
	Shaoxing	諾
	Zhuji	你
	Shengzhou	儂
	Xinchang	爾, 奶
	Ningbo	諾, 爾, 爾諾
	Zhenhai	諾
	Fenghua	儂, 爾
	Yuyao	儂
	Cixi	儂
	Xiangshan	爾, 像爾
	Ninghai	爾, 爾儂
	Zhoushan	儂
	Huangyan	爾
	Tiantai	爾
	Xianju	爾
	Sanmen	爾
	Linhai	爾
	Wenling	爾
	Wenzhou	你
	Yueqing	你
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	你
	Pingyang	你
	Taishun	你
	Wencheng	你
	Lishui	你
	Qingtian	你
	Jinyun	你, 定你
	Wuyi (Liucheng)	爾
	Songyang (Xiping)	你
	Yunhe	你
	Jingning	你
	Qingyuan	你
	Longquan	你
	Quzhou	你
Suichang	你
Jiangshan	你
Changshan	爾
Kaihua	你
Longyou	你, 你儂
Jinhua	儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)	爾, 爾儂
Yiwu	儂
Yongkang	爾
Pujiang	爾
Dongyang	爾
Wuyi	儂
Lanxi	爾, 爾儂
Shangrao	爾儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	爾
Yushan	恁
Xiang	Changsha	你
	Xiangtan	你
	Loudi	你
	Shuangfeng	你
Note	†: honorific

Compounds

Derived terms from 若

不若 (bùruò) 乃若 何若 便假若 倘若 (tǎngruò) 假若 (jiǎruò) 傲睨自若 冷若冰霜 危若朝露 合契若神 地若瓜分 大勇若怯 大喜若狂 大巧若拙 大智若愚 (dàzhìruòyú) 大直若屈 奉若神明 (fèngruòshénmíng) 奚若 好若 孰若 守身若玉 安之若命 安之若素 (ānzhīruòsù) 安若泰山 宛若 (wǎnruò) 寂若死灰 寥若晨星 (liáoruòchénxīng) 少成若性 巧若生成 幽若 心若死灰 必若 恍若 (huǎngruò) 恍若隔世 情若手足 惘然若失 (wǎngránruòshī) 惘若有失 敬若神明 昭然若揭 (zhāoránruòjiē) 未若 杜若 (dùruò) 果若 欣喜若狂 (xīnxǐruòkuáng) 求才若渴 泰然自若 (tàiránzìruò) 浮生若寄 海若 炳若日星 爽然若失 (shuǎngránruòshī) 狗彘不若 (gǒuzhìbùruò) 甘之若素 疾之若仇 目若朗星 相若 (xiāngruò) 眼若流星 (yǎnruòliúxīng) 神色自若 背若芒刺 自若 (zìruò) 至若 (zhìruò) 色若死灰 芷若

若克雅 (Ruòkèyǎ) 若羌 (Ruòqiāng) 茝若 茫然若失 (mángránruòshī) 茫然若迷 莫若 (mòruò) 蕙若 行若狗彘 (xíngruògǒuzhì) 言事若神 言笑自若 言行若一 越若 邈若山河 面若春花 若干 (ruògān) 不絕若線／不绝若线 傍若無人／傍若无人 儻若／傥若 其應若響／其应若响 判若兩人／判若两人 判若天淵／判若天渊 判若雲泥／判若云泥 判若鴻溝／判若鸿沟 勢若摧枯／势若摧枯 印纍綬若／印累绶若 受寵若驚／受宠若惊 (shòuchǒngruòjīng) 口若懸河／口若悬河 (kǒuruòxuánhé) 呆若木雞／呆若木鸡 (dāiruòmùjī) 命若懸絲／命若悬丝 噤若寒蟬／噤若寒蝉 (jìnruòhánchán) 固若金湯／固若金汤 (gùruòjīntāng) 夕惕若厲／夕惕若厉 大辯若訥／大辩若讷 契若金蘭／契若金兰 始終若一／始终若一 嫉惡若仇／嫉恶若仇 嬌若春花／娇若春花 宛若游龍／宛若游龙 寂若無人／寂若无人 寵辱若驚／宠辱若惊 寸陰若歲／寸阴若岁 幾若／几若 (kúi-nā) 從善若流／从善若流 從容自若／从容自若 思若湧泉／思若涌泉 恆若不足／恒若不足 悵然若失／怅然若失 (chàngránruòshī) 意氣自若／意气自若 愛才若渴／爱才若渴 慎終若始／慎终若始 憂心若醉／忧心若醉 懸若日月／悬若日月 指揮若定／指挥若定 (zhǐhuīruòdìng) 揚揚自若／扬扬自若 料敵若神／料敌若神 料遠若近／料远若近 旁若無人／旁若无人 (pángruòwúrén) 明若觀火／明若观火 (míngruòguānhuǒ) 曠若發矇／旷若发蒙 曠若發蒙／旷若发蒙 棄若敝屣／弃若敝屣 (qìruòbìxǐ)

歡喜若狂／欢喜若狂 (huānxǐruòkuáng) 歡欣若狂／欢欣若狂 歡若平生／欢若平生 歸之若水／归之若水 氣若游絲／气若游丝 求賢若渴／求贤若渴 泰山若厲／泰山若厉 洞若觀火／洞若观火 (dòngruòguānhuǒ) 浮生若夢／浮生若梦 (fúshēngruòmèng) 深藏若虛／深藏若虚 瀟灑自若／潇洒自若 爛若披錦／烂若披锦 猶若／犹若 甘之若飴／甘之若饴 疾惡若仇／疾恶若仇 目若懸珠／目若悬珠 目若無人／目若无人 眼若點漆／眼若点漆 瞭若指掌／了若指掌 矯若遊龍／矫若游龙 矯若驚龍／矫若惊龙 神態自若／神态自若 粵若稽古／粤若稽古 紛若／纷若 置若罔聞／置若罔闻 (zhìruòwǎngwén) 翩若驚鴻／翩若惊鸿 脣若塗硃／唇若涂朱 脣若塗脂／唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī) 脣若抹硃／唇若抹朱 脣若施脂／唇若施脂 舉國若狂／举国若狂 舉重若輕／举重若轻 (jǔzhòngruòqīng) 若準／若准 (nā-chún) 若無／若无 (nā-bô) 虛懷若谷／虚怀若谷 (xūhuáiruògǔ) 蠢若木雞／蠢若木鸡 行若無事／行若无事 (xíngruòwúshì) 被寵若驚／被宠若惊 視死若歸／视死若归 視若兒戲／视若儿戏 視若無物／视若无物 視若無睹／视若无睹 (shìruòwúdǔ) 視若草芥／视若草芥 視險若夷／视险若夷 言若懸河／言若悬河 設若／设若 (shèruò) 談笑自若／谈笑自若 (tánxiào zìruò) 讀若／读若 (dúruò) 趨之若鶩／趋之若鹜 (qūzhīruòwù) 軒昂自若／轩昂自若 較若畫一／较若画一 門庭若市／门庭若市 (méntíngruòshì) 隱若敵國／隐若敌国 難若登天／难若登天 雨暘時若／雨旸时若 顜若畫一／𱂴若画一 風雨時若／风雨时若 飄若神仙／飘若神仙 鬢若刀裁／鬓若刀裁 鬢若堆鴉／鬓若堆鸦 齒若編貝／齿若编贝

Etymology 2

trad.		若
simp. #		若

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rě (re³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiâ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): jiá / ché

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rê²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rě
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rě
    • Wade–Giles: jê³
    • Yale: rě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ree
    • Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: je⁵
    • Yale: yéh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngia´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngia¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯a²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiá / ché
    • Tâi-lô: jiá / tsé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiar, zea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /d͡ʑia⁵³/, /t͡se⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /d͡ʑia⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡se⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑia⁵³/, /t͡se⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /d͡ʑia⁵³/, /t͡se⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑia⁴¹/, /t͡se⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: rê²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jé
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ze⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ȵia^X/

Rime
Character	若
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	人者切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiaX/
Li Rong	/ȵiaX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	若
Reading #	2/3
No.	10932
Phonetic component	若
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	若
Old Chinese	/*njaʔ/

Definitions

若

1. ^† hay; dried grass
2. Used in compounds.

Compounds

Derived terms from 若

大品般若 波若 般若 (bōrě)

般若湯／般若汤 般若經／般若经 蘭若／兰若 (lánrě)

阿練若／阿练若 阿蘭若／阿兰若 (ālánrě)

Etymology 3

trad.		若
simp. #		若

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ré (re²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄜˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ré
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ré
    • Wade–Giles: jê²
    • Yale: ré
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: re
    • Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ȵia/

Rime
Character	若
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	人賒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵia/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵia/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵia/
Li Rong	/ȵia/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ré
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*nja/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	若
Reading #	1/3
No.	10929
Phonetic component	若
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*nja/

Definitions

若

1. Placename in Sichuan. (clarification of this definition is needed)

Etymology 4

trad.		若
simp. #		若

Pronunciation

• Min Dong (BUC): niŏh
• Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): riêh⁸ / rioh⁸

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• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: niŏh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡuoʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: riêh⁸ / rioh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jie̍h / jio̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zieʔ⁴/, /d͡zioʔ⁴/

Definitions

若

1. (Min Dong, Teochew) how much; how

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 多麼 (“how; what; so; such”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		何等, 何其, 一何, 何哉, 何等也, 何則
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		多麼, 何等, 何其
Mandarin	Beijing	多麼, 多
	Taiwan	多麼, 多
	Jinan	多麼, 多
	Xi'an	多
	Wuhan	幾, 幾樣, 好
	Chengdu	好, 多
	Guilin	好
	Yangzhou	多
	Hefei	好
	Malaysia	多
	Singapore	多麼, 多
Cantonese	Guangzhou	幾, 幾咁
	Hong Kong	幾, 幾咁
	Yangjiang	幾
Gan	Nanchang	幾
Hakka	Meixian	幾
Jin	Taiyuan	多麼, 多來
Min Bei	Jian'ou	幾多
Min Dong	Fuzhou	若夥, 若
Min Nan	Xiamen	偌, 偌爾仔
	Quanzhou	偌
	Zhangzhou	偌, 偌爾仔, 偌仔爾
	Taipei	偌爾, 偌仔爾
	Kaohsiung	偌爾, 偌仔爾
	Penang (Hokkien)	偌
	Singapore (Hokkien)	偌
	Manila (Hokkien)	偌
	Chaozhou	若
	Singapore (Teochew)	若
Wu	Shanghai	多少, 幾化
	Suzhou	幾化
	Wenzhou	幾倈, 幾恁
Xiang	Changsha	幾, 幾多, 好
	Shuangfeng	幾, 好

Compounds

若行

若夥

若濟／若济

Etymology 5

trad.		若
simp. #		若

Pronunciation

• Min Nan (POJ): lōa / lǒa / gōa / jōa

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• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōa
    • Tâi-lô: luā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loa
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lua³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lua²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǒa
    • Tâi-lô: luǎ
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /lua³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lua²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa
    • Tâi-lô: guā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goa
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jōa
    • Tâi-lô: juā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: joa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zua³³/

Definitions

若

1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 偌.

Further reading

• “Entry #5469”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

若

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. young
2. if

Readings

• Go-on: にゃく (nyaku, Jōyō ^†); にゃ (nya)
• Kan-on: じゃく (jaku, Jōyō)^{←じやく (zyaku, historical)}; じゃ (ja)^{←じや (zya, historical)}
• Kun: わかい (wakai, 若い, Jōyō); もしくは (moshiku wa, 若しくは); もし (moshi, 若し); ごとし (gotoshi, 若し); したがう (shitagau)

Compounds

• 若(じゃっ)干(かん) (jakkan)
• 若(じゃく)年(ねん) (jakunen)
• 若(じゃく)輩(はい) (jakuhai)
• 老(ろう)若(にゃく) (rōnyaku)
• 若(わか)者(もの) (wakamono)
• 若人(わこうど) (wakōdo)

Noun

若(わか) • (waka) 

1. "my lord" (towards a young master or a young heir)

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Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 若 (MC ȵɨɐk̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅀᅣᆨ〮 (Yale: zyák) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 약 (yak)訓 (Yale: yak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [약]

Hanja

Wikisource若 (eumhun 같을 약 (gateul yak))

1. Hanja form^? of 약 (“like; as if”).
2. Hanja form^? of 약 (“if”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 약간 (若干, yakgan, “a little, a bit; somewhat”)
• 만약 (萬若, manyak, “if, in the event that”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 若 (MC ȵia^X).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅀᅣᆼ〯 (Yale: zyǎ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [야]

Hanja

若 (eumhun 반야 야 (banya ya))

1. Hanja form^? of 야 (“Used in compounds”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 반야 (般若, banya)
• 난야 (蘭若, nanya, “Buddhist temple”)
• 반야심경 (般若心經, banyasimgyeong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

若: Hán Nôm readings: nhược, nhã

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.