芽

芽	U+82BD, 芽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82BD

← 芼
[U+82BC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

芾 →
[U+82BE]

芽	U+2F995, 芽 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F995

← 芳
[U+2F994]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

苦 →
[U+2F996]

Translingual

Han character

芽 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4 in Chinese, 艸+5 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿一女竹 (TMVH), four-corner 4424₁, composition ⿱艹牙)

References

KangXi: page 1021, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30860
Dae Jaweon: page 1480, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3179, character 13
Unihan data for U+82BD
Unihan data for U+2F995

Chinese

trad.		芽
simp. ^#		芽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
邪	ljaː, laː
衺	*ljaː
牙	*ŋraː
芽	*ŋraː
齖	ŋraː, ŋraːs
呀	ŋraː, hŋraː
枒	ŋraː, ŋraːs
雅	*ŋraːʔ
厊	*ŋraːʔ
庌	*ŋraːʔ
訝	*ŋraːs
迓	*ŋraːs
砑	*ŋraːs
犽	*ŋraːs
疨	*hŋraː
岈	*hŋraː
谺	*hŋraː
颬	*hŋraː
鴉	*qraː
釾	*laː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː).

Etymology

Cognate with 牙 (OC *ŋraː, “tooth”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yá (ya²)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): nga⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà
Min Nan (POJ): gê / gêe / gâ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yá
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yá
  - Wade–Giles: ya²
  - Yale: yá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
  - Palladius: я (ja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaa⁴
  - Yale: ngàh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nga⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaː²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nga⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋa³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngaˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nga²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋa¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê
  - Tâi-lô: gê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gee
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡe²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêe
  - Tâi-lô: gêe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɛ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ
  - Tâi-lô: gâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡa¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡa²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡa²³/

Note:

gê/gêe - vernacular;
gâ - literary.

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠa/

Rime
Character	芽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨ/
Li Rong	/ŋa/
Wang Li	/ŋa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaa⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-ɢˤ<r>a/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	芽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yá
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæ ›
Old Chinese	/*m-ɢˁ<r>a/
English	shoot, sprout
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芽
Reading #	1/1
No.	14178
Phonetic component	牙
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	牙
Old Chinese	/*ŋraː/

Definitions

芽

bud; shoot; sprout
bud-shaped thing

Compounds

催芽
冠芽
出芽 (chūyá)
出芽生殖
吸芽
嫩芽 (nènyá)
幼芽 (yòuyá)
抽芽 (chōuyá)
接芽
摘芽
新芽 (xīnyá)
根芽
滋芽
珠芽
肉芽 (ròuyá)
胚芽 (pēiyá)

胚芽米
胚芽鞘
胞芽
胞芽杯
腋芽
芽孢 (yábāo)
芽接法
芽眼
芽茶 (yáchá)
芽菜 (yácài, “bean sprout”)
芽豆 (yádòu)
芽韭
茶芽
萌芽 (méngyá)
裸芽

豆芽 (dòuyá)
豆芽菜 (dòuyácài)
防芽遏萌
雷芽
側芽／侧芽
海帶芽／海带芽 (hǎidàiyá)
發芽／发芽 (fāyá)
白雪黃芽／白雪黄芽
芽兒／芽儿
芽體／芽体
葉芽／叶芽 (yèyá)
麥芽／麦芽 (màiyá)
麥芽糖／麦芽糖 (màiyátáng)
黃芽／黄芽
黃豆芽／黄豆芽

References

“芽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	芽
Kyūjitai [1]	芽 `芽` or 芽+`︀`^?
	芽󠄀 芽+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	芽󠄄 芽+`󠄄`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

芽

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

bud, sprout, shoot

Readings

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: が (ga, Jōyō)
Kun: め (me, 芽, Jōyō); きざし (kizashi, 芽し); きざす (kizasu, 芽す); めぐむ (megumu, 芽む)
Nanori: め (me); めい (mei)

Compounds

嫩(どん)芽(が) (donga): young shoot
麦(ばく)芽(が) (bakuga): malt
木(き)の芽(め) (kinome): leaves of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum) used as condiment

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
芽
め Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 芽 – see the following entry.

【め】H	[noun] [from 712] 芽: bud, sprout, shoot [noun] [from 1922] 芽: the germ of an idea, an inkling [noun] [date unknown] 芽: (biology) a bird embryo: more specifically, as found on the yolk of an egg, the blastodisk, the germinal disk, the embryonic disk

(This term, 芽, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
芽
が Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 芽 (MC ŋˠa).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

IPA^(key): [ɡa̠]

Affix

芽(が) • (ga)

bud; sprout; shoot

References

1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1805 (paper), page 954 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

Korean

Hanja

芽 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Noun

芽 (transliteration needed)

Nôm form of nhả (“grass”).

References

Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

芽: Hán Nôm readings: nha

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1805 (paper), page 954 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)