芝

芝

See also: 艺

芝 U+829D, 芝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-829D ← 芜 [U+829C] CJK Unified Ideographs 芞 → [U+829E]

芝 U+2F991, 芝 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F991 ← 芋 [U+2F990] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 劳 → [U+2F992]

Translingual

Han character

芝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 4430₇, composition ⿱艹之)

References

• KangXi: page 1019, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
• Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3176, character 5
• Unihan data for U+829D
• Unihan data for U+2F991

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Chinese

trad.		芝
simp. #		芝
alternative forms		𦭩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芝
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (之) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
之	*tjɯ
芝	*tjɯ
志	*tjɯs
痣	*tjɯs
娡	*tjɯs
誌	*tjɯs
蚩	*tʰjɯ
妛	*tʰjɯ
嗤	*tʰjɯ
媸	*tʰjɯ
旹	*djɯ
滍	*diʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjɯ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhī (zhi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ

  (Chengdu, SP): zi¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zi¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): zi¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): zi¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zi¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): zi¹
• Min Bei (KCR): cí
• Min Dong (BUC): ciĕ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ze¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): zhr¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹
    • Yale: jr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: zi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zi¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sie⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
    • Tâi-lô: tsi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ze¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tsr (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhr¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨ/

Rime
Character	芝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	止而切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiə/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芝
Reading #	1/1
No.	17189
Phonetic component	之
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	之
Old Chinese	/*tjɯ/

Definitions

芝

1. lingzhi; Ganoderma

   靈芝／灵芝  ―  língzhī  ―  lingzhi

2. Alternative form of 芷.
3. Used in 芝麻 (zhīma, “sesame”).
4. a surname

Compounds

三芝 (Sānzhī) 得挹芝眉 斑芝 (“pan-chi”) (Min Nan) 焚芝 王仙芝 瑞芝 紫芝 紫芝眉宇 肉芝 芝加哥 (Zhījiāgē) 芝宇 芝田 芝眉 芝艾俱焚

芝草 (zhīcǎo) 芝麻 (zhīma) 芝麻官 (zhīmaguān) 芝麻小事 (zhīmaxiǎoshì) 芝麻油 (zhīmayóu) 芝麻秸 芝麻糊 (zhīmahù) 野芝麻 劉蘭芝／刘兰芝 張芝／张芝 焚芝鋤蕙／焚芝锄蕙 芝儀／芝仪 芝標／芝标 芝焚蕙嘆／芝焚蕙叹

芝草無根／芝草无根 芝蘭／芝兰 芝蘭之化／芝兰之化 芝蘭之室／芝兰之室 芝蘭氣味／芝兰气味 芝蘭玉樹／芝兰玉树 芝顏／芝颜 芝麻灣／芝麻湾 (Zhīmawān) 芝麻綠豆／芝麻绿豆 (zhīma lǜdòu) 芝麻醬／芝麻酱 (zhīmajiàng) 鄭芝龍／郑芝龙 雲芝／云芝 靈芝／灵芝 (língzhī) 龍芝茶／龙芝茶

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Japanese

Kanji

芝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. turf, lawn, grass

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: しば (shiba, 芝, Jōyō); しざま (shizama)
• Nanori: こげ (koge); しは (shiha); しば (shiba); しはざき (shihazaki); しばさき (shibasaki); しばざき (shibazaki); しばたか (shibataka)

Etymology 1

芝: common grass, especially as found in lawns.

Kanji in this term
芝
しば Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.

This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しば [shìbá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕiba̠]

Noun

芝(しば) • (shiba) 

1. grass, turf, green

   c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3508)

   芝(しば)付(つき)乃(の)　御(み)宇(う)良(ら)佐(さ)伎(き)奈流(なる)　根(ね)都(つ)古(こ)具(ぐ)佐(さ)　安(あ)比(ひ)見(み)受(ず)安(あ)良(ら)婆(ば)　安(あ)礼(れ)古(こ)非(ひ)米(め)夜(や)母(も)。

   Shibatsuki no Miurasaki naru netsukogusa ahi mizu araba are kohi meyamo.

   The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.

2. Short for 芝見 (shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芝(しば)草(くさ) (shibakusa): longer form of 芝(しば) (shiba)
• 芝(しば)居(い) (shibai)
• 芝(しば)屋(や) (shibaya): archaic synonym of 芝(しば)居(い) (shibai)
• 芝(しば)生(ふ) (shibafu)
• 芝(しば)地(ち) (shibachi): synonym of 芝(しば)生(ふ) (shibafu)
• 芝(しば)芋(いも) (shibaimo)
• 芝(しば)引(ひき) (shibahiki)
• 芝(しば)浦(うら) (shibaura)
• 芝(しば)浜(はま) (shibahama): synonym of 芝(しば)浦(うら) (shibaura), or a type of rakugo
• 芝(しば)火(び) (shibabi)
• 芝(しば)蝦(えび), 芝(しば)海(え)老(び) (shiba ebi)
• 芝(しば)刈(かり) (shiba kari)
• 芝(しば)刈(かり)機(き) (shiba kariki)
• 芝(しば)起(おこし) (shiba okoshi)
• 芝(しば)の砌(みぎり) (shiba no migiri)
• 芝(しば)居(い)唄(うた) (shibai uta)
• 芝(しば)居(い)絵(え) (shibai e)
• 芝(しば)居(い)掛(がかり) (shibaigakari)
• 芝(しば)居(い)気(ぎ) (shibaigi), 芝(しば)居(い)気(げ) (shibaige)
• 芝(しば)居(い)心(ごころ) (shibaigokoro): synonym of 芝(しば)居(い)気(ぎ) (shibaigi)
• 芝(しば)居(い)座(ざ) (shibaiza)
• 芝(しば)居(い)子(こ) (shibaiko)
• 芝(しば)居(い)者(もの) (shibai mono)
• 芝(しば)居(い)酒(さか)盛(もり) (shibai sakamori), 芝(しば)酒(さか)盛(もり) (shiba sakamori)
• 芝(しば)居(い)小(ご)屋(や) (shibaigoya)
• 芝(しば)居(い)染(じ)みる (shibaijimiru)
• 芝(しば)居(い)銭(せん) (shibaisen)
• 芝(しば)居(い)茶(ぢゃ)屋(や) (shibaijaya)
• 芝(しば)居(い)町(まち) (shibai machi)
• 芝(しば)居(い)唐(とう)人(じん) (shibai tōjin)
• 芝(しば)居(い)鳶(とんび) (shibai tonbi)
• 芝(しば)居(い)番(ばん)付(づけ) (shibai banzuke)
• 芝(しば)居(い)話(ばなし) (shibaibanashi)
• 芝(しば)魚(ざかな), 芝(しば)肴(ざかな) (shibazakana)
• 芝(しば)競(くらべ) (shiba kurabe)
• 芝(しば)繋(つなぎ) (shiba tsunagi)
• 芝(しば)見(み) (shibami)
• 芝(しば)原(はら) (shibahara)
• 芝(しば)公(こう)園(えん) (shiba kōen)
• 芝(しば)采(ざい) (shibazai)
• 芝(しば)菜(な) (shibana)
• 芝(しば)桜(ざくら) (shibazakura)
• 芝(しば)山(やま) (shibayama)
• 芝(しば)山(やま)古(こ)墳(ふん)群(ぐん) (Shibayama Kofun-gun): a group of kofun tombs in Chiba Prefecture
• 芝(しば)煮(に) (shibani)
• 芝(しば)手(て) (shibate)
• 芝(しば)手(ちょう)水(ず) (shibachōzu)
• 芝(しば)焼(やき) (shibayaki): synonym of 野(の)焼(やき) (noyaki)
• 芝(しば)大(だい)神(じん)宮(ぐう) (Shiba Daijingū)
• 芝(しば)神(しん)明(めい) (Shiba Shinmei): synonym of 芝(しば)大(だい)神(じん)宮(ぐう) (Shiba Daijingū)
• 芝(しば)神(しん)明(めい)祭(まつり) (Shiba Shinmei Matsuri)
• 芝(しば)菅(すげ) (shibasuge)
• 芝(しば)摺(すり) (shibasuri)
• 芝(しば)切(きり) (shibakiri)
• 芝(しば)切(きり)神(しん)事(じ) (Shibakiri Shinji)
• 芝(しば)全(ぜん)交(こう) (Shiba Zenkō)
• 芝(しば)祐(すけ)泰(ひろ) (Shiba Sukehiro)
• 芝(しば)打(うち) (shiba uchi)
• 芝(しば)打(うち)長(なが) (shiba uchinaga)
• 芝(しば)茸(たけ) (shibatake): synonym of 網(あみ)茸(たけ) (amitake), a type of mushroom
• 芝(しば)築(つい)地(じ) (shibatsuiji)
• 芝(しば)田(でん)楽(がく) (shiba dengaku)
• 芝(しば)土(ど)居(い) (shiba doi)
• 芝(しば)突(つき) (shibatsuki)
• 芝(しば)能(のう) (Shiba Nō): synonym of 薪(たきぎ)能(のう) (Takigi Nō), a type of Noh play
• 芝(しば)派(は) (shibaha)
• 芝(しば)野(の) (shibano)
• 芝(しば)矢(や) (shibaya)
• 芝(し)蘭(らん)堂(どう) (Shirandō): an academy of Western learning in the late Edo period
• 芝(しば)離(り)宮(きゅう) (Shiba Rikyū): an imperial villa, formerly located on the shores of the bay in Minato-ku, Tōkyō, later converted into a park
• 芝(しば)露(つゆ) (shiba tsuyu): dew on grass

Proper noun

芝(しば) • (Shiba) 

1. a surname

Verb

芝(しば)する • (shiba suru) suru (stem 芝(しば)し (shiba shi), past 芝(しば)した (shiba shita))

1. short for 芝見 (​shibami): to hide in the grass and spy on one's enemies or scout out the situation

Conjugation

Conjugation of "芝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	芝し	しばし	shiba shi
Continuative (連用形)	芝し	しばし	shiba shi
Terminal (終止形)	芝する	しばする	shiba suru
Attributive (連体形)	芝する	しばする	shiba suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	芝すれ	しばすれ	shiba sure
Imperative (命令形)	芝せよ¹ 芝しろ²	しばせよ¹ しばしろ²	shiba seyo¹ shiba shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	芝される	しばされる	shiba sareru
Causative	芝させる 芝さす	しばさせる しばさす	shiba saseru shiba sasu
Potential	芝できる	しばできる	shiba dekiru
Volitional	芝しよう	しばしよう	shiba shiyō
Negative	芝しない	しばしない	shiba shinai
Negative continuative	芝せず	しばせず	shiba sezu
Formal	芝します	しばします	shiba shimasu
Perfective	芝した	しばした	shiba shita
Conjunctive	芝して	しばして	shiba shite
Hypothetical conditional	芝すれば	しばすれば	shiba sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
芝
しざま Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) +‎ 様 (sama, “kind, type”).[2] The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕiza̠ma̠]

Noun

芝(しざま) • (shizama) 

1. (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii

   This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
芝
し Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Affix

芝(し) • (shi) 

1. the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芝翫下駄 (しかんげた, ​Shikan geta): a type of geta sandal popular in the Edo period
• 芝翫縞 (しかんじま, ​Shikanjima): a particular striped pattern for kimono, popular in the Edo period
• 芝翫茶 (しかんちゃ, ​Shikan cha): a color for dying cloth, a slightly reddish-purple shade of chestnut
• 芝仙延年 (しせんえんねん, ​shisen ennen): a theme for traditional painting in China, Korea, and Japan, depicting the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom, pines, and rocky crags
• 芝仙祝寿 (しせんしゅくじゅ, ​shisen shukuju): a theme for traditional painting in China, Korea, and Japan, depicting the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom, cranes (the birds), bamboo, and plum trees
• 芝草 (しそう, ​shisō): alternate for 万年茸 (​mannentake), a type of mushroom
• 芝眉 (しび, ​shibi): an honorific term for referring to someone else's face
• 芝蘭 (しらん, ​shiran): fragrant grass; (metaphorically) an excellent person
• 霊芝 (れいし, ​reishi): alternate for 万年茸 (​mannentake), a type of mushroom

Etymology 4

Used as ateji in various surnames.

Proper noun

芝(しはざき) • (Shihazaki) 

1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばさき) • (Shibasaki) 

1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばざき) • (Shibazaki) 

1. a surname

Proper noun

芝(しばたか) • (Shibataka) 

1. a surname

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

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Korean

Hanja

芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

芝: Hán Nôm readings: chi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.