艾

See also: 𦫿

艾	U+827E, 艾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-827E

← 艽
[U+827D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

艿 →
[U+827F]

Translingual

Han character

艾 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿大 (TK) or X廿大 (XTK), four-corner 4440₀, composition ⿱艹乂)

Derived characters

餀鴱

References

KangXi: page 1017, character 9

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30648

Dae Jaweon: page 1475, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3172, character 9

Unihan data for U+827E

Chinese

trad.		艾
simp. ^#		艾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艾	ŋaːds, ŋads
鴱	ŋaːds, ŋads
餀	*hŋaːds
刈	*ŋads
乂	*ŋads

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngie
(Meixian, Guangdong): nê⁴ / ngê⁴ / ngai⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ghai³
Min Dong (BUC): ngié / ngái
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiāⁿ / gāi / ngāi
(Teochew, Peng'im): hian⁷ / ngai⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): nge (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ài
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Yale: ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngie
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngie
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngie⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯e⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: nê⁴ / ngê⁴ / ngai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ne⁵³/, /ŋe⁵³/, /ŋaɪ⁵³/

Note:

Meixian:
- nê4 - vernacular;
- ngai4 - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ghai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣai⁴⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngié / ngái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛ²¹³/, /ŋɑi²¹³/

Note:

ngié - vernacular;
ngái - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiāⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvia
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiã³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gāi
  - Tâi-lô: gāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡai³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngāi
  - Tâi-lô: ngāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋãi²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋãi³³/

Note:

hiāⁿ - vernacular;
gāi/ngāi - literary;
ài - limited.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hian⁷ / ngai⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiāⁿ / ngăi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩã¹¹/, /ŋai³⁵/

Note:

hian7 - vernacular;
ngai6 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nge (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋe̞²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 艾
Mandarin	Beijing	/ai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/nai⁵³/
	Jinan	/ŋɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɣɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ŋai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/nɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ŋai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ŋai¹³/
	Guiyang	/ŋai²¹³/ /ai²¹³/ 新
	Kunming	/æ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɣai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ŋæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ŋɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ŋe²³/
	Suzhou	/ŋe̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ŋe̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ŋe²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ŋa²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ŋa¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ŋai⁵⁵/ /ŋai¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ŋai²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/ŋai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/ne⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/oi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋai²²/
	Nanning	/ŋai²²/
	Hong Kong	/ŋai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gai²²/ /hiã²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋiɛ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋuɛ⁴⁴/ /ŋai⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiã³¹/ /ŋãi³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ai³⁵/ /ŋia²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɑi^H/

Rime
Character	艾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋɑi^H/
Wang Li	/ŋɑi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤa[t]-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	艾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ài
Middle Chinese	‹ ngaj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ŋˁa[t]-s/
English	Artemisia; moxa
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艾
Reading #	1/2
No.	14953
Phonetic component	乂
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	艾
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːds/

Definitions

艾

mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi)
- 彼采艾兮。一日不見、如三歲兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  彼采艾兮。一日不见、如三岁兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǐ cǎi ài xī. Yīrì bùjiàn, rú sānsuì xī. [Pinyin]
  There that one is gathering the mugwort! A day without seeing that one, is like three years!
(obsolete) green
(literary) pale; greyish white
- 五十曰艾，服官政。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Wǔshí yuē ài, fú guānzhèng. [Pinyin]
  When he is fifty, we say, 'He is getting grey;' he can discharge all the duties of an officer.
(literary) elderly person
- 凡童少鑒淺而志盛，長艾識堅而氣衰。 [MSC, trad.]
  凡童少鉴浅而志盛，长艾识坚而气衰。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 6th century Liu Xie 劉勰, 《文心雕龍》The Mind of Literature and Carved Dragons
  Fán tóngshào jiàn qiǎn ér zhì shèng, cháng'ài shí jiān ér qì shuāi. [Pinyin]
  Ordinarily, the youths are shallow-minded yet strong-willed; the elderly are firm in wisdom and dwindling in spirit.
(literary) to end; to stop
方興未艾／方兴未艾 ― fāngxīnɡwèi'ài ― to be in the ascendant
- 夜如何其、夜未艾。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yè rúhé jī, yè wèi ài. [Pinyin]
  How goes the night? The night has not yet ended.
(literary) beautiful lady
- 知好色，則慕少艾； [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  知好色，则慕少艾； [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  zhī hǎosè, zé mù shào'ài; [Pinyin]
  When he becomes conscious of the attractions of beauty, his desire is towards young and beautiful women.
(obsolete) to nurture; to foster
- 樂只君子、保艾爾後。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  乐只君子、保艾尔后。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yuè zhǐ jūnzǐ, bǎo'ài ěr hòu. [Pinyin]
  To be rejoiced in are ye, gentlemen; May ye preserve and maintain your posterity!
- 君子萬年、福祿艾之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  君子万年、福禄艾之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jūnzǐ wànnián, fúlù ài zhī. [Pinyin]
  May our sovereign live for ten thousand years, sustained in his happiness and wealth!
(historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi
(historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong
a surname

Synonyms

(mugwort): 艾草 (àicǎo)

Compounds

三年艾
千年艾
少艾 (shào'ài)
巴格艾日克 (Bāgé'àirìkè)
幼艾
悔艾
期期艾艾 (qīqī'ài'ài)
期艾
未艾 (wèi'ài)
沛艾
灼艾分痛
白艾
罕艾日克 (Hǎn'àirìkè)
耄艾
耆艾
艾人
艾力西湖 (Àilìxīhú)
艾古斯 (Àigǔsī)

艾子
艾家 (Àijiā)
艾服
艾火
艾炷
艾略特
艾老 (àilǎo)
艾艾
艾草 (àicǎo)
艾虎 (àihǔ)
艾西曼 (Àixīmàn)
艾豭
芝艾俱焚
英艾日克 (Yīng'àirìkè)
蒲艾
蓄艾
奇龐福艾／奇庞福艾
將艾／将艾

方興未艾／方兴未艾 (fāngxīngwèi'ài)
未艾方興／未艾方兴
班艾島／班艾岛
艾氣／艾气
艾窩窩／艾窝窝 (àiwōwo)
艾納香／艾纳香
艾絨／艾绒 (àiróng)
艾美獎／艾美奖
艾薩克／艾萨克 (Àisàkè)
蕭艾／萧艾
蘄艾／蕲艾
蘭艾／兰艾
蘭艾俱焚／兰艾俱焚
蘭艾同焚／兰艾同焚
蘭艾同燼／兰艾同烬
蘭芷蕭艾／兰芷萧艾
鄧艾吃／邓艾吃
銀艾／银艾

Etymology 2

From 愛. See 愛滋病 for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ài
(Teochew, Peng'im): ain³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ài
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Yale: ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːi̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
  - Tâi-lô: ài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ain³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ãĩ²¹³/

Definitions

艾

Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): ngai⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːi̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngai⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋai³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨɐi^H/

Rime
Character	艾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	廢 (27)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚肺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨaj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐi^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋads/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艾
Reading #	2/2
No.	14958
Phonetic component	乂
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刈
Old Chinese	/*ŋads/

Definitions

艾

^† Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”).
- 命我眾人、庤乃錢鎛、奄觀銍艾。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  命我众人、庤乃钱镈、奄观铚艾。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Mìng wǒ zhòngrén, zhì nǎi jiǎn bó, yǎn guān zhì ài. [Pinyin]
  Order all our men, to be provided with their spuds and hoes; anon we shall see the sickles at mowing.
^† Alternative form of 乂 (yì, “to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”).
- 孟子曰：「君子之所以教者五：有如時雨化之者，有成德者，有達財者，有答問者，有私淑艾者。此五者，君子之所以教也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  孟子曰：“君子之所以教者五：有如时雨化之者，有成德者，有达财者，有答问者，有私淑艾者。此五者，君子之所以教也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Mèngzǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ zhī suǒ yǐ jiào zhě wǔ: yǒu rú shíyǔ huà zhī zhě, yǒu chéng dé zhě, yǒu dá cái zhě, yǒu dá wèn zhě, yǒu sī shū yì zhě. Cǐ wǔ zhě, jūnzǐ zhī suǒyǐ jiào yě.” [Pinyin]
  Mencius said, 'There are five ways in which the superior man effects his teaching. There are some on whom his influence descends like seasonable rain. There are some whose virtue he perfects, and some of whose talents he assists the development. There are some whose inquiries he answers. There are some who privately cultivate and correct themselves. These five ways are the methods in which the superior man effects his teaching.'

Compounds

怨艾 (yuànyì)
自怨自艾 (zìyuànzìyì)

艾安
艾如張／艾如张

銍艾／铚艾

References

“艾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

艾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood

Readings

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ŋɑi^H); compare Mandarin 艾 (ài):

Go-on: がい (gai)
Kan-on: がい (gai)

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ŋɨɐi^H); compare Mandarin 艾 (yì):

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: がい (gai)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: かる (karu, 艾る); もぐさ (mogusa, 艾); よもぎ (yomogi, 艾)

Compounds

艾(がい)安(あん) (gaian)
艾(がい)耆(き) (gaiki)
艾(がい)虎(こ) (gaiko)
艾(がい)蒿(こう) (gaikō)
艾(がい)康(こう) (gaikō)
艾(がい)殺(ざつ) (gaizatsu)
艾(がい)人(じん) (gaijin)
艾(がい)年(ねん) (gainen)
艾(がい)髪(はつ) (gaihatsu): the hair of an old person, an old person
艾(がい)葉(よう) (gaiyō)
艾(がい)老(ろう) (gairō)
苦(く)艾(がい) (kugai)
少(しょう)艾(がい) (shōgai)
沛(はい)艾(がい) (haigai)
蓬(ほう)艾(がい) (hōgai)
保(ほ)艾(がい) (hogai)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
艾
もぐさ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) もぐさ [mògúsá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
(Tokyo) もぐさ [mògúsáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2]
IPA^(key): [mo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝsa̠]

Noun

艾(もぐさ) • (mogusa)

mugwort

Derived terms

伊(い)吹(ぶき)艾(もぐさ) (ibukimogusa)
切(き)り艾(もぐさ) (kirimogusa)
薬(くすり)艾(もぐさ) (kusurimogusa)
挿(さし)艾(もぐさ) (sashimogusa)
艾(もぐさ)縞(じま) (mogusajima)
山(やま)艾(もぐさ) (yamamogusa)

Descendants

English: moxa, moxibustion

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
艾
よもぎ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
蓬

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) よもぎ [yòmógí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [jo̞mo̞ɡʲi]

Noun

艾(よもぎ) • (yomogi)

mugwort

Derived terms

男(おとこ)艾(よもぎ) (otokoyomogi)
唐(から)艾(よもぎ) (karayomogi)
河(かわ)原(ら)艾(よもぎ) (kawarayomogi)
シナ艾(よもぎ) (shinayomogi)
白(しろ)艾(よもぎ) (shiroyomogi)
苦(にが)艾(よもぎ) (nigayomogi)
引(ひき)艾(よもぎ) (hikiyomogi)
姫(ひめ)昔(むかし)艾(よもぎ) (himemukashiyomogi)
壬(み)生(ぶ)艾(よもぎ) (mibuyomogi)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ŋɑi^H).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

Hanja

Wikisource艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae))

moxa, mugwort

Compounds

애가 (艾猳, aega)
애개 (艾芥, aegae)
애고 (艾糕, aego)
애고 (艾膏, aego)
애국채 (艾菊菜, aegukchae)
애년 (艾年, aenyeon)
애로 (艾老, aero)
애막 (艾幕, aemak)
애병 (艾餠, aebyeong)
애복 (艾服, aebok)
애석 (艾石, aeseok)
애애 (艾艾, aeae)
애엽 (艾葉, aeyeop)
애용 (艾俑, aeyong)
애인 (艾人, aein)
애전 (艾田, aejeon)
애초 (艾草, aecho)
애탕 (艾湯, aetang)
애헌 (艾軒, aeheon)
애호 (艾蒿, aeho)
애호 (艾虎, aeho)
애화 (艾花, aehwa)
강애 (江艾, gang'ae)
기애 (耆艾, giae)
난애 (蘭艾, nanae)
난애동분 (蘭艾同焚, nanaedongbun)
달애 (炟艾, darae)
달애 (怛艾, darae)
봉애 (蓬艾, bong'ae)
소애 (少艾, soae)
실애 (實艾, sirae)
약애 (藥艾, yagae)
자원자애 (自怨自艾, jawonjaae)
진애 (陳艾, jinae)
침애 (針艾, chimae)
침애 (鍼艾, chimae)
해애 (海艾, haeae)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ŋɨɐi^H).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [je̞]
Phonetic hangul: [예]

Hanja

Wikisource艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

예강 (艾康, yegang)
예안 (艾安, yean)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005).

Vietnamese

Han character

艾: Hán Nôm readings: ngải, nghệ, nghễ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN