舂

See also: 㫪 and 春

舂	U+8202, 舂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8202

← 舁
[U+8201]

CJK Unified Ideographs

舃 →
[U+8203]

Translingual

Han character

舂 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹X (QKHX), four-corner 5077₇, composition ⿱𡗗臼)

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with 春 (U+6625) which is visually similar but unrelated.

Derived characters

𠌴, 𠽅, 𢠅, 摏, 𣻛, 樁, 𥊎, 䄝, 𥡟, 𧐍, 𧜧, 蹖, 𩥫, 𪄻, 㦼, 䚎, 𪅖, 𬸥, 𩮱, 憃, 𦦜, 𧢆, 𦦱, 𪆊, 𦦺, 𦦾, 𫴛

References

KangXi: page 1003, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30195
Dae Jaweon: page 1460, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3039, character 4
Unihan data for U+8202

Chinese

simp. and trad.		舂
alternative forms		㫪 nonclassical

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 舂
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (舂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
樁	*ʔr'oːŋ
憃	hr'oːŋ, l̥ʰoŋs, *hljoŋ
舂	*hljoŋ
摏	*hljoŋ
蹖	*hljoŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 廾 (“both hands”) + 午 (“pestle”) + 臼 (“mortar”) – using both hands to pound with a mortar and pestle.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chûng
(Meixian, Guangdong): zung¹
Min Bei (KCR): ché̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): cṳ̆ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chiong
(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chong
  - Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
  - Palladius: чун (čun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ché̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng / chiong
  - Tâi-lô: tsing / tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng, ciofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

cheng - vernacular;
chiong - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨoŋ/

Rime
Character	舂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	書容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuawŋ/
Li Rong	/ɕioŋ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-toŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*hljoŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	舂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chōng
Middle Chinese	‹ syowng ›
Old Chinese	/*s-toŋ/
English	hull grain, beat (v.) stick for beating (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	舂
Reading #	1/1
No.	1498
Phonetic component	舂
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	舂
Old Chinese	/*hljoŋ/

Definitions

舂

to pound on grains in a mortar in order to husk them
(Cantonese, Hakka, Min Nan, Shanghainese Wu) to hit with a fist; to punch
(Cantonese) to fall (especially head down)

Compounds

舂容
舂碓
舂米 (chōngmǐ)

舂陵
霜舂雨薪
痟狗舂墓壙／痟狗舂墓圹 (siáu káu cheng bōng-khòng) (Min Nan)

舂眼瞓／舂眼𰥛
舂鉏／舂锄

References

“舂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

舂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

to grind in a mortar

Readings

Go-on: しゅ (shu)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kun: うすずく (usuzuku, 舂く)^{←うすづく (usuduku, historical)}; うすつく (usutsuku, 舂く)

Korean

Hanja

舂 • (yong, song, chang) (hangeul 용, 송, 창, revised yong, song, chang, McCune–Reischauer yong, song, ch'ang, Yale yong, song, chang)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

舂: Hán Nôm readings: thung

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation