臽

臽	U+81FD, 臽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FD

← 臼
[U+81FC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臾 →
[U+81FE]

Translingual

Han character

臽 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹X (NHX), composition ⿱⺈臼(G) or ⿱勹臼(TJK))

pit, hole

Derived characters

啗, 埳, 惂, 掐, 淊, 陷, 焰, 䐄, 蜭, 䘓, 諂(谄), 輡, 錎, 餡(馅), 䱤, 䶟
欿, 燄, 鵮(鹐), 萏, 窞, 閻(阎)

References

KangXi: page 1003, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30177

Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 6

Unihan data for U+81FD

Chinese

simp. and trad.		臽
2nd round simp.		⿱ク曰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臽
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
淊	ɡloːmʔ, qroːm, qroːms, lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	ɡloːmʔ, ɡluːms
啗	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
鵮	ʔr'oːm, kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	ljom, loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 鹿 (“deer”) + 凵 (“pit”) – a deer falling into a trap.

From the bronze inscriptions, now an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 人 (“person”) + 臼 (“trap”) – a person falling into a trap.

Original form of 陷.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁶
  - Yale: haahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm²²/

Middle Chinese: /kʰʌm^X/, /ɦˠɛm^H/

Rime
Character	臽	臽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	苦感切	戸韽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌm^X/	/ɦˠɛm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəm^X/	/ɦᵚæm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒm^X/	/ɣɐm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəm^X/	/ɦəɨm^H/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀm^X/	/ɣɐm^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɒm^X/	/ɣɐm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰăm^X/	/ɣăm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎn	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham²	haam⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤromʔ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːmʔ/, /*ɡroːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛm^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁromʔ-s/
English	small pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臽	臽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13545	13557
Phonetic component	臽	臽
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	坎	陷
Old Chinese	/*kʰloːmʔ/	/*ɡroːms/

Definitions

臽

(obsolete) pit; hole

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 臽 – see 陷 (“to submerge; to sink; to plunge; to be captured; etc.”). (This character, 臽, is an ancient form of 陷.)

References

(Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 3), p. 186
“臽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

臽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

pit
hole

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan), げん (gen), こん (kon)

Kun: おとしあな (otoshiana)

Korean

Hanja

臽 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham)

pit
hollow, hole