臭

臭

See also: 𦤀

臭 U+81ED, 臭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81ED ← 臬 [U+81EC] CJK Unified Ideographs 臮 → [U+81EE]

臭 U+FA5C, 臭 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA5C ← 者 [U+FA5B] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 艹 → [U+FA5D]

Translingual

Japanese	臭
Simplified	臭
Traditional	臭

Alternative forms

• In Japanese shinjitai, the bottom component is simplified to 大, rather than the traditional 犬 (“dog”).
  • This character has technically been encoded in Unicode as 𦤀 (U+26900) but is not used in Japanese computing; instead, the character 臭 (U+81ED) changes appearance depending on the font.
  • A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA5C for the kyūjitai form used in Japanese which contains 犬 as its bottom component.

Han character

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

臭 (Kangxi radical 132, 自+4 in Chinese, 自+3 in Japanese, 10 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹山戈大 (HUIK), four-corner 2643₀, composition ⿱自犬(GHTKV or U+FA5C) or ⿱自大(J))

Derived characters

• 搝 嗅

References

• KangXi: page 1000, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30103
• Dae Jaweon: page 1456, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3047, character 4
• Unihan data for U+81ED
• Unihan data for U+FA5C

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Chinese

trad.		臭
simp. #		臭
alternative forms		𦤀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (臭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
臭	*kʰljus
殠	*kʰljus, *qʰluʔ
糗	*kʰluʔ
嗅	*qʰlus, *qʰluŋs
齅	*qʰlus

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 犬 (“dog”) + 自 (“nose”), referring to the dog's strong sense of smell.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers it to be cognate with 犨 (OC *kʰju, “sound of an ox breathing”) and connects it to Burmese ဟိုက် (huik, “to pant”).

Also compare 朽 (OC *qʰluʔ, “to rot; to decay”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chòu (chou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cau³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cu⁴

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhàu / chhiù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cao³

• Wu (Wiktionary): tsheu (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): chou⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chòu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻou⁴
    • Yale: chòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chow
    • Palladius: чоу (čou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cau³
    • Yale: chau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ceo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu
    • Hakka Romanization System: cu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàu
    • Tâi-lô: tshàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaux
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiù
    • Tâi-lô: tshiù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiux
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/

Note:

• chhàu - vernacular;
• chhiù - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cao³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tsheu (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɜ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: chou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰəu⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰəu⁴⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰɨu^H/

Rime
Character	臭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰuwH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-qʰu(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰljus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臭
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chòu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*t-qʰu(ʔ)-s/
English	odor, to stink (intransitive)?
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臭
Reading #	1/1
No.	1535
Phonetic component	臭
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	臭
Old Chinese	/*kʰljus/

Definitions

臭

1. bad smell

   體臭／体臭  ―  tǐchòu  ―  body odour

   • 一薰一蕕，十年尚猶有臭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     一薰一莸，十年尚犹有臭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yī xūn yī yóu, shínián shàng yóu yǒu chòu. [Pinyin]

     There is a fragrant herb, and a noisome one; And ten years hence the noisomeness will continue.

2. bad name; bad reputation

   遺臭萬年／遗臭万年  ―  yíchòuwànnián  ―  to go down in history as a byword of infamy

3. smelly; stinky

   臭豆腐  ―  chòudòufu  ―  stinky tofu

   有人覺得榴槤很臭，也有人覺得很香。 [MSC, trad.]
   有人觉得榴梿很臭，也有人觉得很香。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yǒurén juéde liúlián hěn chòu, yě yǒurén juéde hěn xiāng. [Pinyin]

   Some people think durian is stinky, while others think it smells good.

4. ugly; repulsive

   臭架子  ―  chòujiàzi  ―  stinking pretension

5. fiercely

   臭罵／臭骂  ―  chòumà  ―  to scold fiercely

6. bad; poor (luck, skill, etc)

Compounds

Derived terms from 臭

不知香臭 口臭 (kǒuchòu) 狐臭 (húchòu) 胡臭 腋臭 (yèchòu) 腐臭 (fǔchòu) 腥臭 (xīngchòu) 臭乎乎 臭侷 臭名 (chòumíng) 臭名昭彰 臭名昭著 (chòumíngzhāozhù) 臭嚼 臭屁 (chòupì) 臭打 臭架子 (chòujiàzi) 臭椿 (chòuchūn) 臭死 臭氧 (chòuyǎng) 臭泥 臭烘烘 (chòuhōnghōng) 臭皮匠 (chòupíjiàng) 臭皮囊

臭美 (chòuměi) 臭腺 臭豆 臭豆腐 (chòudòufu) 臭鼬 (chòuyòu) 逐臭 逐臭之夫 附膻逐臭 臭么 惡臭／恶臭 (èchòu) 捧臭腳／捧臭脚 (pěng chòujiǎo) 播惡遺臭／播恶遗臭 淫汙穢臭／淫污秽臭 渾身銅臭／浑身铜臭 狐騷臭／狐骚臭 發臭／发臭 (fāchòu) 脫臭／脱臭 臭不可當／臭不可当 臭不可聞／臭不可闻 臭名遠揚／臭名远扬 臭彈／臭弹 (chhàu-tōaⁿ) (Min Nan) 臭恭維／臭恭维

臭排場／臭排场 臭氣／臭气 (chòuqì) 臭氣沖天／臭气冲天 臭氧層／臭氧层 (chòuyǎngcéng) 臭短臊長／臭短臊长 臭罵／臭骂 (chòumà) 臭耳聾／臭耳聋 (chhàu-hīⁿ-lâng) (Min Nan) 臭肉來蠅／臭肉来蝇 臭腳丫子／臭脚丫子 臭蓋／臭盖 臭蟲／臭虫 (chòuchóng) 臭街爛巷／臭街烂巷 臭錢／臭钱 (chòuqián) 臭頭／臭头 (chòutóu) 遺臭／遗臭 遺臭千年／遗臭千年 遺臭萬代／遗臭万代 遺臭萬年／遗臭万年 (yíchòuwànnián) 遺臭萬載／遗臭万载 防臭劑／防臭剂 (fángchòujì) 餿臭／馊臭 (sōuchòu) 體臭／体臭 (tǐchòu)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiù (xiu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cau³
• Wu (Wiktionary): xieu (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiù
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siòu
    • Wade–Giles: hsiu⁴
    • Yale: syòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiow
    • Palladius: сю (sju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cau³
    • Yale: chau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ceo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xieu (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɜ³⁴/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰu(ʔ)-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臭
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chòu
Middle Chinese	‹ xjuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰu(ʔ)-s/
English	odor, to stink (intransitive)?
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

臭

1. ^† odour

   無色無臭／无色无臭  ―  wúsè wúxiù  ―  colourless and odourless

   • 羴：羊臭也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE

     Shān: yáng xiù yě. [Pinyin]

     The character 羴: sheep's smell.

2. ^† fragrance

   • 二人同心，其利斷金。同心之言，其臭如蘭。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     二人同心，其利断金。同心之言，其臭如兰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Èrrén tóngxīn, qí lì duàn jīn. Tóngxīn zhī yán, qí chòu rú lán. [Pinyin]

     But when two men are one in heart, not iron bolts keep them apart. The words they in their union use, fragrance like orchid plants diffuse.

3. ^† Original form of 嗅 (xiù, “to smell”).

Compounds

Derived terms from 臭

口尚乳臭 臭味 (chòuwèi) 臭味相投 (chòuwèixiāngtóu) 崔烈銅臭／崔烈铜臭

無聲無臭／无声无臭 無臭／无臭 (wúchòu) 臭覺／臭觉 (xiùjué)

蘭臭／兰臭 銅臭／铜臭 (tóngxiù) 銅臭味／铜臭味 (tóngxiùwèi)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	臭
Kyūjitai [1][2]	臭 臭 or 臭+︀?
	臭󠄁 臭+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	臭󠄃 臭+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

臭

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. stinking, ill-smelling, stink
2. odor, savor, fragrance, be fragrant
3. suspicious looking
4. glow, be bright

Readings

From Middle Chinese 臭 (MC t͡ɕʰɨu^H):

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しう (siu, historical)}

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 臭 (xiù):

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: くさい (kusai, 臭い, Jōyō)^{←くさし (kusasi, historical)}; におう (niou, 臭う, Jōyō)^{←にほふ (nifofu, historical)}; かぐ (kagu, 臭ぐ); におい (nioi, 臭い)^{←にほひ (nifofi, historical)}
• Nanori: か (ka)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
臭
しゅう Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
臭 (kyūjitai)

Suffix

臭(しゅう) • (-shū) 

1. smell of
2. (slang, figurative) stench of; whiff of; scent of

   昭和(しょうわ)臭(しゅう)を漂(ただよ)わせてる物(もの)

   Shōwa-shū o tadayowaseteru mono

   something that reeks of the Shōwa era

References

1. “臭”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
2. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1776 (paper), page 940 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

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Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 추 (chu) based on Middle Chinese 臭 (MC t͡ɕʰɨu^H).

Historical Readings
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	내〮 (Yale: náy)	ᄎᆔ〯 (Yale: chywǔy)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰɥi(ː)] ~ [t͡ɕʰy(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [취(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource臭 (eumhun 냄새 취 (naemsae chwi))

1. Hanja form^? of 취 (“smell”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 구취 (口臭, guchwi)
• 무취 (無臭, muchwi)
• 악취 (惡臭, akchwi)
• 유취 (乳臭, yuchwi)
• 탈취 (脫臭, talchwi)
• 체취 (體臭, chechwi)
• 방취 (防臭, bangchwi)
• 향취 (香臭, hyangchwi)
• 취풍 (臭風, chwipung)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

臭: Hán Nôm readings: xú, xó, xũ, xấu, khứu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.