自動車

See also: 自动车

Chinese

		automatic; voluntary; of one's own accord automatic; voluntary; of one's own accord; on one's initiative; spontaneous	vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad. (自動車)		自動	車
simp. (自动车)		自动	车

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) (jidōsha).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìdòngchē
(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ dung⁶ ce¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-thung-chhâ / chì-tó-sià
Min Nan (POJ): chū-tōng-chhia / chīr-tōng-chhia / chǐr-tǒng-chhia / ji-lò͘-sià / li-lò͘-sià / ji-lò-sià / gi-lò͘-sià

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìdòngchē
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhdòngche
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-tung⁴-chʻê¹
  - Yale: dz̀-dùng-chē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhdonqche
  - Palladius: цзыдунчэ (czydunčɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ dung⁶ ce¹
  - Yale: jih duhng chē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ dung⁶ tse¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ dung⁶ cé¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-thung-chhâ / chì-tó-sià
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii tung ca´ / jiˇ do` xiaˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ tung⁴ ca¹ / ji² do³ xia²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²⁴/, /t͡ɕi¹¹ to³¹ ɕi̯a¹¹/

Note: chì-tó-sià - from Japanese pronunciation.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Tainan, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-tōng-chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-tōng-tshia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxdoxngchiaf
  - IPA (Yilan): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Tainan): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-tōng-chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tsīr-tōng-tshia
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǐr-tǒng-chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tsǐr-tǒng-tshia
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡sɨ³³⁻²² tɔŋ³³⁻²² t͡ɕʰia³³/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji-lò͘-sià
  - Tâi-lô: ji-lòo-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jilorsiax
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɕia²¹/
  - IPA (Tainan): /d͡ʑi⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ɕia²¹/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li-lò͘-sià
  - Tâi-lô: li-lòo-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lilorsiax
- (Hokkien: Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ji-lò-sià
  - Tâi-lô: ji-lò-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jiloirsiax
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gi-lò͘-sià
  - Tâi-lô: gi-lòo-sià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gilorsiax

Note: ji-lò͘-sià/li-lò͘-sià/ji-lò-sià/gi-lò͘-sià - from Japanese pronunciation.

Noun

自動車

(dated, still used in Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka) automobile; motor car

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 汽車／汽车 (“car, motor vehicle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		汽車／汽车
Mandarin	Beijing	汽車／汽车
	Taiwan	汽車／汽车
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	汽車／汽车
	Jinan	汽車／汽车
	Xi'an	汽車／汽车
	Wuhan	汽車／汽车
	Chengdu	汽車／汽车
	Guilin	汽車／汽车
	Pingle	汽車／汽车
	Luzhai	汽車／汽车
	Nanning (Wuming)	汽車／汽车
	Binyang (Nanjie)	汽車／汽车
	Yizhou	汽車／汽车
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	汽車／汽车
	Tianlin (Langping)	汽車／汽车
	Yangzhou	汽車／汽车
	Hefei	汽車／汽车
	Malaysia	車／车
	Singapore	汽車／汽车, 車／车
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	汽車／汽车, 馬什乃／马什乃
	Dagudi (Maliba)	汽車／汽车
	Reshuitang (Longling)	汽車／汽车
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	汽車／汽车
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	汽車／汽车
Cantonese	Guangzhou	汽車／汽车, 車／车
	Hong Kong	汽車／汽车, 車／车
	Taishan	汽車／汽车
	Yangjiang	汽車／汽车
	Guiping (Jintian)	汽車／汽车
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	汽車／汽车
	Guiping (Madong)	汽車／汽车
	Qinzhou	汽車／汽车
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	汽車／汽车
	Beihai	汽車／汽车
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	汽車／汽车
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	汽車／汽车
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	汽車／汽车
	Singapore (Guangfu)	車／车
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	汽車／汽车
	Móng Cái	汽車／汽车
Gan	Nanchang	汽車／汽车
Hakka	Meixian	汽車／汽车
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	汽車／汽车, 自動車／自动车
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	汽車／汽车, 自動車／自动车
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	汽車／汽车, 自動車／自动车
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	汽車／汽车, 自動車／自动车
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	汽車／汽车, 自動車／自动车
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	汽車／汽车, 自動車／自动车
	Kuching (Hepo)	車／车
Jin	Taiyuan	汽車／汽车
Min Bei	Jian'ou	汽車／汽车
Min Dong	Fuzhou	汽車／汽车
Min Nan	Xiamen	汽車／汽车, 風車／风车, 大車／大车, 電車／电车 dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	風車／风车
	Quanzhou	汽車／汽车, 風車／风车, 大車／大车
	Zhangzhou	汽車／汽车, 大車／大车, 電車／电车 dated
	Zhao'an	汽車／汽车, 風車／风车
	Taipei	自動車／自动车
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	自動車／自动车
	Kaohsiung	自動車／自动车, 動車／动车
	Yilan	自動車／自动车
	Changhua (Lukang)	自動車／自动车
	Taichung	汽車／汽车, 自動車／自动车
	Tainan	自動車／自动车
	Hsinchu	自動車／自动车
	Kinmen	汽車／汽车
	Penghu (Magong)	自動車／自动车, 汽車／汽车
	Penang (Hokkien)	車／车
	Singapore (Hokkien)	車／车, 風車／风车
	Manila (Hokkien)	車／车, 風車／风车
	Guilin (Biyange)	汽車／汽车
	Chaozhou	汽車／汽车, 羅里／罗里
	Shantou	羅里／罗里
	Shantou (Chenghai)	羅里／罗里
	Jieyang	羅里／罗里
	Singapore (Teochew)	車／车, 風車／风车
	Pontianak (Teochew)	羅里／罗里
	Singapore (Hainanese)	車／车
Puxian Min	Xianyou	汽車／汽车
Min Zhong	Yanping (Wangtai)	汽車／汽车
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	汽車／汽车
Wu	Shanghai	汽車／汽车, 大眼睛
	Suzhou	汽車／汽车
	Wenzhou	汽車／汽车
Xiang	Changsha	汽車／汽车
Xiang	Shuangfeng	汽車／汽车

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #2731”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	動	車
じ Grade: 2	どう Grade: 3	しゃ Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) じどーしゃ [jìdóꜜòshà] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2]
(Tokyo) じどーしゃ [jìdóóshá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [(d͡)ʑido̞ːɕa̠]

Noun

自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) • (jidōsha) ^{←じどうしや (zidousya)^?}

automobile, car, motorcar

Synonyms

車(くるま) (kuruma)

Derived terms

大型自動車(おおがたじどうしゃ) (ōgatajidōsha)
貸(か)し自動車(じどうしゃ) (kashijidōsha)
貨物自動車(かもつじどうしゃ) (kamotsujidōsha): truck
軽自動車(けいじどうしゃ) (keijidōsha): Kei-car
小型自動車(こがたじどうしゃ) (kogatajidōsha): small car
辻自動車(つじじどうしゃ) (tsujijidōsha): taxi
乗用自動車(じょうようじどうしゃ) (jōyōjidōsha): automobile (formal)
電気自動車(でんきじどうしゃ) (denkijidōsha): electric car
乗合自動車(のりあいじどうしゃ) (noriaijidōsha): bus
中古自動車(ちゅうこじどうしゃ) (chūkojidōsha): used car
自動車化(じどうしゃか) (jidōshaka): motorization, motorisation
自動車学校(じどうしゃがっこう) (jidōshagakkō): car school
自動車事故(じどうしゃじこ) (jidōshajiko): car accident
自動車税(じどうしゃぜい) (jidōshazei): car tax
自動車泥(じどうしゃどろ) (jidōshadoro): car robber
自動車電話(じどうしゃでんわ) (jidōshadenwa): car phone
自動車保険(じどうしゃほけん) (jidōshahoken): car insurance

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2000, Jonathan Bunt, Gillian Hall, The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary, First Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	動	車

Noun

自動車 • (jadongcha) (hangeul 자동차)

Hanja form^? of 자동차 (“automobile”).

[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN