自ら
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
自 |
みずか Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨mi2 tu kara⟩ → */mʷɨdukara/ → /mid͡zukara/ → /mizukara/
Originally a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 柄 (kara, “quality, characteristic → by itself”).[1][2]
The okurigana ら (ra) is used to indicate the reading.
Alternative forms
- (rare) 躬ら, 親ら
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) みずから [míꜜzùkàrà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3][4]
- IPA(key): [mʲizɨᵝka̠ɾa̠]
Adverb
自ら • (mizukara) ←みづから (midukara)?
- personally, by or for oneself
- Synonyms: 自分自身で (jibun-jishin de), 身自ら (mimizukara)
Derived terms
- 手自ら (temizukara)
- 身自ら, 躬自ら (mimizukara)
Idioms
- 自ら持する (mizukara ji suru)
- 自らを持する (mizukara o ji suru)
Proverbs
Proverbs
- 自ら直きの箭を恃まば百世矢無からん (mizukara naoki no ya o tanomaba hyakusei ya nakaran)
- 自ら卑うすれば尚し (mizukara hikuu sureba tattoshi)
- 自ら墓穴を掘る (mizukara boketsu o horu)
- 薫は香を以て自ら焼く (kun wa kō o motte mizukara yaku)
- 剛戻自ら用う (gōrei mizukara mochiu)
- 天の作せる孽は猶違くべし、自ら作せる孽は逭るべからず (ten no naseru wazawai wa naosakubeshi, mizukara naseru wazawai wa nogarubekarazu)
- 天は自ら助くる者を助く (ten wa mizukara tasukuru mono o tasuku)
- 虎を養いて自ら患いを遺す (tora o yashinaite mizukara urei o nokosu)
- 汝自らを知れ (nanji mizukara o shire)
- 人必ず自ら侮りて然る後に人これを侮る (hito kanarazu mizukara anadorite shikaru nochi ni hito kore o anadoru)
- 人に勝たんと欲する者は必ず先ず自ら勝つ (hito ni katan to hossuru mono wa kanarazu mazu mizukara katsu)
Noun
自ら • (mizukara) ←みづから (midukara)?
- oneself
- Synonyms: 自分 (jibun), 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)
Pronoun
自ら • (mizukara) ←みづから (midukara)?
- (obsolete) first-person pronoun: I, me
- Synonym: 私 (watakushi)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
自 |
おのずか Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Adverb
自ら • (onozukara) ←おのづから (onodukara)?
- Alternative spelling of 自ずから (onozukara): by itself, naturally, on its own
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN