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单词 自
释义

自

See also: 白, 目, and 且
自 U+81EA, 自
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81EA
← 臩
[U+81E9]		CJK Unified Ideographs臫 →
[U+81EB]
⾃ U+2F83, ⾃
KANGXI RADICAL SELF
← ⾂
[U+2F82]		Kangxi Radicals⾄ →
[U+2F84]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

自 (Kangxi radical 132, 自+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山 (HBU), four-corner 26000, composition ⿱丿目)

  1. Kangxi radical #132, ⾃.

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/自
  • 㑑, 咱, 垍, 𡜍, 𢙆, 𭠪, 洎, 𤝼, 𣑉, 𥏆, 𥒕, 𮕼, 𦍾, 𮎌, 詯(𬣰), 𨈻, 郋, 𦧗, 䫁
  • 𧠆, 𭎗, 𪥴, 𢍂, 息, 𣳻, 辠, 𣯝, 𮮴, 鼻, 𩳈, 𧑉, 𭃙, 𭓫, 㞒, 𤯣, 𫊡, 𪊰, 𡇝
  • 憩, 瘪, 癟, 㿜, 邉

References

  • KangXi: page 1000, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30095
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1452, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3046, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+81EA

Chinese

simp. and trad.
自

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 自
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptAncient scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (自) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
郋*ɡiːl
自*ɦljids
洎*krids, *ɡrids
臮*ɡrids
垍*ɡrids
詯*qʰʷlɯːls, *ɡʷlɯːls

Originally a pictogram (象形) of a nose; in China (and East Asia) one points at one’s nose to indicate oneself, hence an ideogram (指事) of “self”.

The original meaning of “nose” has been replaced by 鼻.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zì, zí (zi4, zi2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ, ㄗˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): zi4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зы (zɨ, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zi6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): du5
  • Gan (Wiktionary): ci5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ / chhi / chhit / chhì / chhi̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci4 / ci2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zi3
  • Min Bei (KCR): cī / cu̿ / cù
  • Min Dong (BUC): cê / cê̤ṳ
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chū / chīr / chǐr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ze6
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zr5 / zr4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zì
      • Zhuyin: ㄗˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zìh
      • Wade–Giles: tzŭ4
      • Yale: dz̀
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyh
      • Palladius: цзы (czy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹/
    • (Beijing dialect)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zí
      • Zhuyin: ㄗˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zíh
      • Wade–Giles: tzŭ2
      • Yale: dź
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyr
      • Palladius: цзы (czy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩³⁵/
Note: zí - used in some colloquial terms.
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зы (zɨ, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zi6
      • Yale: jih
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi6
      • Guangdong Romanization: ji6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː²²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: du5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tu³²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: ci5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ / chhi / chhit / chhì
      • Hakka Romanization System: cii / qi / qid` / qiˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ci4 / qi4 / qid5 / qi2
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰit̚²/, /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
    • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ / chhi / chhit / chhì / chhi̍t
      • Hakka Romanization System: cii / qi / qid` / qiˇ / qid
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ci4 / qi4 / qid5 / qi2 / qid6
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰit̚²/, /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰit̚⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ci4 / ci2
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/, /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Note:
  • Sixian:
    • chhi/chhit/chhì/chhi̍t - only in 自家;
    • Meixian:
    • ci2 - only in 自家.
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zi3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cī / cu̿ / cù
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵⁵/, /t͡su³³/, /t͡su⁴²/
Note:
  • cī - vernacular;
  • cu̿ - vernacular (used in 自己);
  • cù - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cê / cê̤ṳ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛi²⁴²/, /t͡søy²⁴²/
Note:
  • cê - vernacular;
  • cê̤ṳ - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū
      • Tâi-lô: tsū
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zu
      • IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡su³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr
      • Tâi-lô: tsīr
      • IPA (Kinmen, Singapore): /t͡sɯ²²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sɯ²¹/
    • (Hokkien: Longyan, Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǐr
      • Tâi-lô: tsǐr
      • IPA (Lukang): /t͡sɨ³³/
      • IPA (Longyan): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ze6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɯ³⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zr (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥z̩²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zr5 / zr4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹/, /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
Note:
  • zr5 - vernacular;
  • zr4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
自
MandarinBeijing/t͡sz̩⁵¹/
Harbin/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Tianjin/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jinan/t͡sz̩⁴²/ ～己
/t͡sz̩²¹/ ～來水
Qingdao/t͡sz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou/t͡sz̩³¹²/
Xi'an/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Xining/t͡sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan/t͡sz̩¹³/
Lanzhou/t͡sz̩¹³/
Ürümqi/t͡sz̩²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡sz̩³⁵/
Chengdu/t͡sz̩¹³/
Guiyang/t͡sz̩²¹³/
Kunming/t͡sz̩²¹²/
Nanjing/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Hefei/t͡sz̩⁵³/
JinTaiyuan/t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
Pingyao/t͡sz̩³⁵/
Hohhot/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
WuShanghai/zz̩²³/
Suzhou/zz̩³¹/
Hangzhou/zz̩¹³/
Wenzhou/zz̩²²/
HuiShexian/t͡sʰz̩²²/
Tunxi/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
/sz̩⁵/
XiangChangsha/t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
/t͡sz̩¹¹/
Xiangtan/d͡zz̩²¹/
GanNanchang/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan/t͡sʰï⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡si²²/
Nanning/t͡sz̩²²/
Hong Kong/t͡si²²/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/t͡su²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/t͡sɛi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡su⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡sɯ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan)/t͡si³³/ ～己
/t͡si³⁵/ ～從
  • Middle Chinese: /d͡ziɪH/
Rime
Character自
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)從 (15)
Final (韻)脂 (15)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie疾二切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/d͡ziɪH/
Pan
Wuyun		/d͡ziH/
Shao
Rongfen		/d͡zjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/d͡ziH/
Li
Rong		/d͡ziH/
Wang
Li		/d͡ziH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/d͡zʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zi6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[b]i[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljids/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character自自
Reading #1/22/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zìzì
Middle
Chinese		‹ dzijH ›‹ dzijH ›
Old
Chinese		/*s.[b]i[t]-s//*s.[b]i[t]-s/
Englishself (adv.)to follow; from

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character自
Reading #1/1
No.17879
Phonetic
component		自
Rime
group		至
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		自
Old
Chinese		/*ɦljids/

Definitions

自

  1. self, oneself; one's own
    自顧自／自顾自  ―  zìgùzì  ―  each minding his own business; each for himself
  2. certainly, of course
  3. personally
  4. since; from
    自左而右  ―  zì zuǒ ér yòu  ―  from left to right

Compounds

Derived terms from 自

Japanese

Kanji

自

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. self, oneself

Readings

  • Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Tō-on: つ (tsu)
  • Kun: みずから (mizukara, 自ら, Jōyō)←みづから (midukara, historical); おのずから (onozukara, 自ずから)←おのづから (onodukara, historical); おのずから (onozukara, 自ら); おのずと (onozuto, 自ずと)←おのづと (onoduto, historical); より (yori, 自り)
  • Nanori: より (yori)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 自(じ)慰(い) (jii)
  • 自(じ)演(えん) (jien): starring in a movie or play one is also directing
  • 自(じ)我(が) (jiga)
  • 自(じ)画(が) (jiga): self-portrait
  • 自(じ)戒(かい) (jikai): self-admonishment
  • 自(じ)覚(かく) (jikaku)
  • 自(じ)棄(き) (jiki)
  • 自(じ)己(こ) (jiko)
  • 自(じ)在(ざい) (jizai)
  • 自(じ)作(さく) (jisaku)
  • 自(じ)殺(さつ) (jisatsu): suicide
  • 自(じ)賛(さん) (jisan): self-praise
  • 自(じ)主(しゅ) (jishu)
  • 自(じ)首(しゅ) (jishu)
  • 自(じ)信(しん) (jishin)
  • 自(じ)身(しん) (jishin)
  • 自(じ)責(せき) (jiseki)
  • 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen)
  • 自(じ)尊(そん) (jison)
  • 自(じ)体(たい) (jitai)
  • 自(じ)治(ち) (jichi)
  • 自(じ)答(とう) (jitō)
  • 自(じ)動(どう), 自(じ)働(どう) (jidō)
  • 自(じ)分(ぶん) (jibun)
  • 自(じ)暴(ぼう) (jibō): despair
  • 自(じ)問(もん) (jimon)
  • 自(じ)由(ゆう) (jiyū)
  • 自(じ)力(りき) (jiriki)
  • 自(じ)立(りつ) (jiritsu)
  • 自(じ)律(りつ) (jiritsu)
  • 各(かく)自(じ) (kakuji)
  • 独(どく)自(じ) (dokuji)

Korean

Hanja

自 (eumhun 스스로 자 (seuseuro ja))

  1. Hanja form? of 자 (“self”).

Compounds

Derived terms
  • 자주 (自主, jaju)
  • 자주 (自註, jaju)
  • 자동차 (自動車, jadongcha)

Okinawan

Kanji

自

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • On: じ (ji)

Compounds

  • 自 (じ)由 (ゆー) (jiyū)

Vietnamese

Han character

自: Hán Nôm readings: tự, từ, tợ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

Proper noun

自

  1. Sawndip form of sw
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