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单词 臨
释义

臨

See also: 临
臨 U+81E8, 臨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81E8
← 臧
[U+81E7]		CJK Unified Ideographs臩 →
[U+81E9]
臨 U+F9F6, 臨
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F6
← 淋
[U+F9F5]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs立 →
[U+F9F7]

Translingual

Han character

臨 (Kangxi radical 131, 臣+11, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸中人口口 (SLORR), four-corner 78766, composition ⿰臣⿱𠂉品)

Derived characters

  • 瀶, 𠐼, 𡄦, 𤄈, 𮟤

References

  • KangXi: page 999, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30087
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1451, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2802, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+81E8
  • Unihan data for U+F9F6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (品) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臨*b·rɯm, *b·rɯms
瀶*b·rɯm
品*pʰrɯmʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *b·rɯm, *b·rɯms) : semantic 臥 + phonetic 品 (OC *pʰrɯmʔ).

Etymology 1

trad.臨
simp.临
alternative forms𦣲
𦣷

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): lín (lin2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): nin2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лин (lin, I)
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): lam4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lìm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lim2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): ling1
  • Min Dong (BUC): lìng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lîm / liâm / lêm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lim5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): lin (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: lín
      • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: lín
      • Wade–Giles: lin2
      • Yale: lín
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lin
      • Palladius: линь (linʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lin³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: nin2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nin²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лин (lin, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: lam4
      • Yale: làhm
      • Cantonese Pinyin: lam4
      • Guangdong Romanization: lem4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɐm²¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìm
      • Hakka Romanization System: limˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: lim2
      • Sinological IPA: /lim¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: lim2
      • Sinological IPA: /lim¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: ling1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîm
      • Tâi-lô: lîm
      • Phofsit Daibuun: liim
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /lim²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim¹³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim²³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
      • Tâi-lô: liâm
      • Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /liam²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
    • (Hokkien: Hui'an)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêm
      • Tâi-lô: lêm
      • Phofsit Daibuun: leem
      • IPA (Hui'an): /lem²⁴/
Note:
  • lîm - literary;
  • liâm - vernacular (limited, e.g. 臨邊, 臨捷).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lim5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lîm
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lim⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: lin (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɪɲ²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /liɪm/
Rime
Character臨
Reading #1/2
Initial (聲)來 (37)
Final (韻)侵 (139)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie力尋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/liɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		/lim/
Shao
Rongfen		/ljem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/lim/
Li
Rong		/liəm/
Wang
Li		/lĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		/li̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		lín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		lam4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(p.)rum/
    (Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character臨
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		lín
Middle
Chinese		‹ lim ›
Old
Chinese		/*(p.)rum/
Englishlook down at

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character臨
Reading #1/2
No.9801
Phonetic
component		品
Rime
group		侵
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		林
Old
Chinese		/*b·rɯm/
Definitions

臨

  1. to overlook; to look over
  2. to come down; to descend
  3. to arrive
  4. to face; to border; to be adjacent to
  5. to be faced with; to be confronted by
  6. to copy; to trace
  7. just before
  8. 19th hexagram of the I Ching
  9. a surname
Compounds
Derived terms from 臨

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lìn (lin4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): lam6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: lìn
      • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: lìn
      • Wade–Giles: lin4
      • Yale: lìn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linn
      • Palladius: линь (linʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lin⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: lam6
      • Yale: lahm
      • Cantonese Pinyin: lam6
      • Guangdong Romanization: lem6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɐm²²/
  • Middle Chinese: /liɪmH/
Rime
Character臨
Reading #2/2
Initial (聲)來 (37)
Final (韻)侵 (139)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie良鴆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/liɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun		/limH/
Shao
Rongfen		/ljemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/limH/
Li
Rong		/liəmH/
Wang
Li		/lĭĕmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/li̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		lìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		lam6
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯms/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character臨
Reading #2/2
No.9803
Phonetic
component		品
Rime
group		侵
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		臨
Old
Chinese		/*b·rɯms/
Definitions

臨

  1. † to mourn for a deceased person
    • 吳子壽夢卒，臨於周廟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      吴子寿梦卒，临于周庙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
      Wú zǐ Shòumèng zú, lìn yú Zhōu miào. [Pinyin]
      Viscount Shoumeng of Wu died. He was mourned at the shrine of (King Wen of) Zhou.
Compounds
  • 哭臨／哭临

Etymology 2

trad.臨
simp.临
alternative forms凜／凛
斂／敛

Pronunciation

  • Min Nan (POJ): lím
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
      • Tâi-lô: lím
      • Phofsit Daibuun: liem
      • IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
      • IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/

Definitions

臨 (Hokkien)

  1. close (to an edge)
  2. to approach; to get close to; to be almost

Compounds

  • 臨墘／临墘
  • 臨肥／临肥
  • 臨臨仔／临临仔

Japanese

Kanji

臨

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. look at
  2. confront

Readings

  • Go-on: りん (rin, Jōyō)←りん (rin, historical)←りむ (rimu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: りん (rin, Jōyō)←りん (rin, historical)←りむ (rimu, ancient)
  • Kun: のぞむ (nozomu, 臨む, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

臨 (eumhun 임할 림 (imhal rim), South Korea 임할 임 (imhal im))

  1. Hanja form? of 림/임 (“draw near, approach”).
  2. Hanja form? of 림/임 (“descend”).

Vietnamese

Han character

臨: Hán Nôm readings: lâm, lom

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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