膽
See also: 胆
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Japanese | 胆 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 胆 |
| Traditional | 膽 |
Han character
膽 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月弓金口 (BNCR), four-corner 77261, composition ⿰月詹)
Descendants
- 胆
References
- KangXi: page 995, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29933
- Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 34
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 7
- Unihan data for U+81BD
Chinese
| trad. | 膽 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 胆 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 膽 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
 |
Characters in the same phonetic series (詹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 甔 | *toːm, *taːm, *taːms |
| 擔 | *taːm, *taːms |
| 儋 | *ʔl'aːm |
| 聸 | *taːm |
| 膽 | *taːmʔ |
| 黵 | *taːmʔ, *tjamʔ |
| 澹 | *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms |
| 憺 | *daːmʔ, *daːms |
| 瞻 | *tjam |
| 詹 | *tjam |
| 蟾 | *tjam, *djam |
| 噡 | *tjam |
| 譫 | *tjam, *daːb, *tjaːb |
| 幨 | *tʰjam, *tʰjams |
| 襜 | *tʰjam, *tʰjams |
| 韂 | *tʰjams |
| 贍 | *djams |
| 檐 | *lam |
| 簷 | *lam |
| 舚 | *tʰeːm, *tʰeːms |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam).
Etymology
Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".
Pronunciation
Definitions
膽
- (anatomy) gallbladder
- 魏兵爭欲報讎，共剖維腹，其膽大如雞卵。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Wèibīng zhēng yù bàochóu, gòng pōu wéi fù, qí dǎn dà rú jīluǎn. [Pinyin]
- The Wei soldiers, craving vengeance, competed [to wreak it], and they sliced open [Jiang] Wei's belly; his gallbladder was as big as a hen's egg.
魏兵争欲报雠，共剖维腹，其胆大如鸡卵。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- 膽囊／胆囊 ― dǎnnáng ― gall bladder
- (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve
- 先主明旦自來至雲營圍視昨戰處，曰：「子龍一身都是膽也。」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5th century CE
- Xiānzhǔ míngdàn zì lái zhì yún yíng wéi shì zuó zhàn chù, yuē: “Zǐlóng yīshēn dōu shì dǎn yě.” [Pinyin]
- The next day, the Former Master himself came to [Zhao] Yun's camp and surveyed the battlefield from the day before; he said: "Zilong is full of courage."
先主明旦自来至云营围视昨战处，曰：“子龙一身都是胆也。” [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- 大膽／大胆 ― dàdǎn ― bold
- 冇膽鬼／冇胆鬼 [Cantonese] ― mou5 daam2 gwai2 [Jyutping] ― coward
- inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball)
Compounds
Derived terms from 膽
|
|
|
Japanese
Shinjitai | 胆 |
Kyūjitai | 膽 |
Kanji
膽
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 胆)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
- Go-on: たん (tan)
- Kan-on: たん (tan)
- Kun: きも (kimo, 膽)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 膽 (MC tɑmX).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 담〯 (Yale: tǎm) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄡᅳᆯ게 (Yale: psùlkèy) | 담 (Yale: tàm) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ta̠(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [담(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam))
- Hanja form? of 담 (“gall bladder”).
- Hanja form? of 담 (“courage; nerve”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 간담 (肝膽, gandam)
- 낙담 (落膽, nakdam)
- 대담 (大膽, daedam)
- 담력 (膽力, damnyeok)
- 담관 (膽管, damgwan)
- 웅담 (熊膽, ungdam)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
膽: Hán Nôm readings: đảm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.