膜

膜	U+819C, 膜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819C

← 膛
[U+819B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

膝 →
[U+819D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

膜 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 月廿日大 (BTAK), four-corner 7423₄, composition ⿰月莫)

Related characters

募墓幕慕

References

KangXi: page 993, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29808

Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 28

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2100, character 13

Unihan data for U+819C

Chinese

trad.		膜
simp. ^#		膜
alternative forms		𦟦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó, mò
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ, ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mok⁶, mok^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mo̍k
(Meixian, Guangdong): mog⁵
Min Dong (BUC): mŏ̤h
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / mo̍͘h / bo̍h / mo͘h
(Teochew, Peng'im): moh⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): moq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Yale: mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mok⁶, mok^6-2
  - Yale: mohk, mók
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁹, mok^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: mog⁶, mog^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚²/, /mɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: mog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /mok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /mɔk̚¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo̍͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mo̍oh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moh
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍h
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boih
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /boʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /boʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /boʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mooh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ³²/

Note:

bo̍k - literary;
mo̍͘h/bo̍h/mo͘h - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: moh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: moq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: /mɑk̚/

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	慕各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/mɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
No.	9253
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莫
Old Chinese	/*maːɡ/

Definitions

膜

membrane; film
細胞膜／细胞膜 ― xìbāomó ― cell membrane
保鮮膜／保鲜膜 ― bǎoxiānmó ― plastic wrap
鍍鋁膜／镀铝膜 ― dùlǚmó ― aluminum-coated polyester film
(physics) brane
(obsolete) small gap
(dialectal, obsolete) to placate
Alternative form of 漠 (mò).

Compounds

Derived terms from 膜

包膜
口腔黏膜
基底膜 (jīdǐmó)
外膜
孢膜
心外膜 (xīnwàimó)
心瓣膜 (xīnbànmó)
核膜 (hémó)
液泡膜
瓣膜 (bànmó)
眼角膜 (yǎnjiǎomó)
笛膜
筋膜炎 (jīnmóyán)
羊膜 (yángmó)
羊膜穿刺 (yángmó chuāncì)
耳膜 (ěrmó)
肋膜
肋膜炎
肌膜 (jīmó)
肺膜
胎膜 (tāimó)
胸膜 (xiōngmó)
胸膜炎 (xiōngmóyán)
腹膜 (fùmó)

腹膜炎 (fùmóyán)
膈膜 (gémó)
膜外
膜外概置
膜孔
薄膜 (bómó)
虹彩膜
虹膜 (hóngmó)
角膜 (jiǎomó)
角膜炎 (jiǎomóyán)
透性膜
隔膜 (gémó)
骨膜 (gǔmó)
骨膜炎
髓膜炎
黏膜 (niánmó)
鼓膜 (gǔmó)
鼓膜炎
鼻黏膜
保鮮膜／保鲜膜 (bǎoxiānmó)
側膜胎座／侧膜胎座
內膜／内膜 (nèimó)
心內膜／心内膜 (xīnnèimó)
心內膜炎／心内膜炎 (xīnnèimóyán)

橫膈膜／横膈膜 (hénggémó)
漿膜／浆膜 (jiāngmó)
皮膜組織／皮膜组织
皮裡膜外／皮里膜外
硬腦膜／硬脑膜 (yìngnǎomó)
細胞膜／细胞膜 (xìbāomó)
結膜／结膜 (jiémó)
結膜炎／结膜炎 (jiémóyán)
網膜／网膜 (wǎngmó)
網膜剝離／网膜剥离
羊膜類／羊膜类
脈絡膜／脉络膜 (màiluòmó)
腦膜／脑膜 (nǎomó)
腦膜炎／脑膜炎 (nǎomóyán)
腸繫膜／肠系膜 (chángxìmó)
膜翅類／膜翅类
膜鳴樂器／膜鸣乐器
處女膜／处女膜 (chǔnǚmó)
蠟膜／蜡膜
視網膜／视网膜 (shìwǎngmó)
豬心瓣膜／猪心瓣膜
鞏膜／巩膜 (gǒngmó)
頰黏膜／颊黏膜

Etymology 2

Clipping of 南膜 (MC nʌm muo), which is from Sanskrit नमस् (namas, “bow; obeisance; salutation”). Compare 南無.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: /muo/

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
No.	9245
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

膜

to prostrate

Compounds

膜拜 (móbài)

膜蛤 (móhá)

膜唄／膜呗

References

“膜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03361

Japanese

Kanji

膜

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

membrane; film

Readings

Go-on: まく (maku, Jōyō); も (mo)
Kan-on: ばく (baku); ぼ (bo)
Kun: うすかわ (usukawa)

Compounds

葡萄膜(ぶどうまく) (budōmaku): uvea
尿膜管(にょうまくかん) (nyōmakukan): urachus

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
膜
まく Grade: S
on’yomi

(Tokyo) まく [màkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [ma̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

膜(まく) • (maku)

membrane; film

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膜 (MC mɑk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 막〮 (mák) (Yale: mak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource膜 (eumhun 꺼풀 막 (kkeopul mak))

Hanja form^? of 막 (“membrane; film”).

Compounds

복막 (腹膜, bongmak)
각막 (角膜, gangmak)
고막 (鼓膜, gomak)
점막 (粘膜, jeommak)
망막 (網膜, mangmak)
격막 (膈膜, gyeongmak)
흉막 (胸膜, hyungmak)
뇌막 (腦膜, noemak)
세포막 (細胞膜, sepomak)
횡격막 (橫膈膜, hoenggyeongmak)
처녀막 (處女膜, cheonyeomak)
각막염 (角膜炎, gangmagyeom)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

膜: Hán Nôm readings: màng, mô

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN