脾

脾

脾 U+813E, 脾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-813E ← 脽 [U+813D] CJK Unified Ideographs 脿 → [U+813F]

脾 U+2F985, 脾 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F985 ← 䐋 [U+2F984] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 媵 → [U+2F986]

Translingual

Han character

脾 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月竹田十 (BHWJ), four-corner 7624₀, composition ⿰月卑)

References

• KangXi: page 985, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29579
• Dae Jaweon: page 1438, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2089, character 3
• Unihan data for U+813E
• Unihan data for U+2F985

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Chinese

trad.		脾
simp. #		脾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
捭	*preːʔ
牌	*breː, *breː
郫	*breː, *bre, *be
蠯	*breː, *be, *breːŋʔ
猈	*breːʔ, *breː
稗	*breːs
粺	*breːs
𥱼	*breː
豍	*peː
箄	*peː, *pe, *peʔ
錍	*pʰeː, *pe
睥	*pʰeːs
渒	*pʰeːs, *pe
鼙	*beː
鞞	*beː, *pe, *peʔ, *peːŋʔ
椑	*beː, *pe, *beɡ, *beːɡ
崥	*beː, *peʔ
髀	*beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ
卑	*pe
鵯	*pe, *pʰiɡ
裨	*pe, *be
痺	*pe
碑	*pre
婢	*peʔ, *beʔ
諀	*pʰeʔ
脾	*be
埤	*be
陴	*be
蜱	*be, *mbew
焷	*be
螷	*be, *breːŋʔ
庳	*beʔ
琕	*biːŋ
萆	*beɡ, *slɯʔ
綼	*biɡ, *peːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *be) : semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pí (pi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pei⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pì / phì
• Min Dong (BUC): bì
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): pî / phî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁵ / pi⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): bi (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): bi²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pí
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pí
    • Wade–Giles: pʻi²
    • Yale: pí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
    • Palladius: пи (pi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pei⁴
    • Yale: pèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: péi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pì / phì
    • Hakka Romanization System: biˇ / piˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi² / pi²
    • Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹/, /pʰi¹¹/

Note:

• pì - organ;
• phì - “temperament”.

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pî
    • Tâi-lô: pî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pi²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
    • Tâi-lô: phî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phii
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /pʰi²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bi⁵ / pi⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pî / phî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/

Note: pi5 - used in 脾氣.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: bi (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥i²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: bi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /biᴇ/

Rime
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符支切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/biᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/biɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/bjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biə̆/
Li Rong	/bie/
Wang Li	/bǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pei4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[p]e/

  (Zhengzhang): /*be/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí
Middle Chinese	‹ bjie ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[p]e/
English	spleen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
No.	385
Phonetic component	卑
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陴
Old Chinese	/*be/

Definitions

脾

1. (～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas
2. (～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen
3. (figurative) disposition; liking; temperament

Compounds

噪脾 巢脾 巨脾症 心脾 感人心脾 投脾胃 沁人心脾 (qìnrénxīnpí) 沁入心脾 燥脾 痛入心脾 痛澈心脾 肝脾 脾味 脾和 脾土 (pî-thó͘) (Min Nan)

脾寒 脾性 脾憋 脾火 脾胃 (píwèi) 醒脾 不傷脾胃／不伤脾胃 使脾氣／使脾气 古怪脾氣／古怪脾气 大發脾氣／大发脾气 暴脾氣／暴脾气 沒脾氣／没脾气 (méi píqi) 灰脾氣／灰脾气 牛脾氣／牛脾气 (niúpíqi) 犯脾氣／犯脾气 (fàn píqi)

發脾寒／发脾寒 發脾氣／发脾气 (fā píqi) 硬脾氣／硬脾气 耍脾氣／耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi) 脾氣／脾气 (píqi) 脾氣情性／脾气情性 脾癉／脾瘅 脾腫／脾肿 脾臟／脾脏 (pízàng) 脾虛／脾虚 脾鱉／脾鳖 軟調脾／软调脾 長脾氣／长脾气 鬧脾氣／闹脾气 (nào píqi)

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Japanese

Kanji

脾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: び (bi)
• Kan-on: ひ (hi)
• Kun: ひぞう (hizō, 脾); もも (momo, 脾); とまる (tomaru)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jokoɕi]

Noun

脾(よこし) • (yokoshi) 

1. (anatomy) spleen
   • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 2, page 35)

     脾 白虎通云 脾 俾移反 與古之 [...] 土之精也 色黄 [...] 土藏也 [...]

References

• Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脾 (MC biᴇ). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource脾 (eumhun 지라 비 (jira bi))

1. Hanja form^? of 비 (“spleen”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 비위 (脾胃, biwi)
• 비장 (脾臟, bijang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

脾: Hán Nôm readings: tì, tỳ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.