脫
See also: 脱 and 挩
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Translingual
Han character
脫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金口山 (BCRU) or X月金口山 (XBCRU), four-corner 78216, composition ⿰⺼兌(HT) or ⿰月兌(GK))
Derived characters
- 𢴎, 𦢴, 𦸍, 𪷄, 𫌎, 𭊕
References
- KangXi: page 984, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29539
- Dae Jaweon: page 1436, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2081, character 1
- Unihan data for U+812B
Chinese
| trad. | 脫/脱 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 脱 | |
| alternative forms | 挩／捝 說／说 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 毤 | *l̥ʰoːds |
| 蛻 | *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod |
| 娧 | *l̥ʰoːds, *lod |
| 駾 | *l̥ʰoːds |
| 裞 | *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods |
| 兌 | *l'oːds |
| 綐 | *l'oːds |
| 銳 | *l'oːds, *lods |
| 帨 | *stʰods, *hljods |
| 稅 | *hljods |
| 說 | *hljods, *hljod, *lod |
| 涚 | *hljods |
| 䫄 | *rtʰoːd |
| 脫 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
| 侻 | *l̥ʰoːd |
| 挩 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
| 莌 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
| 梲 | *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd |
| 鮵 | *l'oːd |
| 敓 | *l'oːd |
| 痥 | *l'oːd |
| 悅 | *lod, *lod |
| 閱 | *lod |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
- Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”);
- Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan [script needed] (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha [script needed] (flját, fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat).
In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Cognate with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang)
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
脫
- to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip
- to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid
- to leave out; to miss; to omit
- rapid; swift; fast
- unaffected; free; at ease
- (Ningbonese, Shanghainese Wu) and
- 二噁英 二噁英 邪氣惡形 / 所以 濕垃圾脫幹垃圾要分分清 [Shanghainese, trad.]
- From: 2019, 王渊超 (Wang Yuanchao) (lyrics and music), 《垃圾分类再垃圾倒》
- (please add an English translation of this example)
二𫫇英 二𫫇英 邪气恶形 / 所以 湿垃圾脱干垃圾要分分清 [Shanghainese, simp.]
- (Northern Wu) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 脫 (“to take off (clothes)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 脫, 褪 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 脫, 褪 |
| Taiwan | 脫 | |
| Harbin | 脫 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 脫 | |
| Jinan | 脫, 褪 | |
| Wanrong | 脫 | |
| Xi'an | 脫 | |
| Yinchuan | 脫 | |
| Lanzhou | 脫 | |
| Xining | 脫 | |
| Ürümqi | 脫 | |
| Wuhan | 脫 | |
| Chengdu | 脫 | |
| Guiyang | 脫 | |
| Guilin | 脫 | |
| Liuzhou | 脫, 褪, 解 | |
| Xuzhou | 脫 | |
| Yangzhou | 脫, 褪 | |
| Nanjing | 脫 | |
| Hefei | 脫, 褪 | |
| Malaysia | 脫 | |
| Singapore | 脫 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 除, 脫 |
| Hong Kong | 除, 剝, 解 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 剝 | |
| Macau | 剝 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 除 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 脫 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 除, 脫 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 除 | |
| Foshan | 除 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 除 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 除 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 除 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 剝 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 剝 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 剝 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 剝 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 除, 剝 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 除 | |
| Taishan | 脫 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 脫 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 脫 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 除 | |
| Dongguan | 脫, 除 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 剝 | |
| Yangjiang | 褪 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 除 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 除 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 除 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 脫 |
| Lichuan | 脫 | |
| Pingxiang | 推, 剝, 脫 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 脫 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 脫 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 剝 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 剝 | |
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 脫 | |
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 剝 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 剝 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 脫 | |
| Yudu | 脫 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 脫 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 脫 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 脫 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 脫 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 脫 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 脫 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 脫, 褪 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 脫 |
| Xinzhou | 脫 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 褪 |
| Songxi | 褪 | |
| Jianyang | 褪 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 褪 |
| Gutian | 褪 | |
| Ningde | 褪 | |
| Zhouning | 褪 | |
| Fuding | 褪 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 褪 |
| Quanzhou | 褪 | |
| Yongchun | 褪 | |
| Zhangzhou | 褪 | |
| Taipei | 褪 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 褪 | |
| Kaohsiung | 褪 | |
| Yilan | 褪 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 褪 | |
| Taichung | 褪 | |
| Tainan | 褪 | |
| Hsinchu | 褪 | |
| Kinmen | 褪 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 褪 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 褪 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 褪 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 褪 | |
| Longyan | 脫 | |
| Datian | 褪 | |
| Chaozhou | 褪 | |
| Shantou | 褪 | |
| Jieyang | 褪 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 褪 | |
| Haikou | 解 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 褪 |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 脫 |
| Sanyuan | 脫 | |
| Shaxian | 脫 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 剝 |
| Sanxiang | 剝 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 脫 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 | |
| Suzhou | 脫, 褪 | |
| Wuxi | 脫 | |
| Danyang | 脫 | |
| Hangzhou | 脫 | |
| Ningbo | 脫 | |
| Wenzhou | 脫 | |
| Jinhua | 脫, 褪 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 脫 |
| Loudi | 脫 | |
| Shuangfeng | 脫 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 與, 及 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 和, 與, 及 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 跟, 和 |
| Taiwan | 跟, 和 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 和 | |
| Jinan | 和, 跟, 給 | |
| Wanrong | 和 | |
| Wanrong (Ronghe) | 連 | |
| Xi'an | 跟, 連 | |
| Yinchuan | 連 | |
| Lanzhou | 跟, 和 | |
| Xining | 帶, 和 | |
| Ürümqi | 跟, 連, 和 | |
| Wuhan | 跟 | |
| Chengdu | 跟, 給, 和 | |
| Guiyang | 跟, 同, 和 | |
| Guilin | 跟, 和 | |
| Liuzhou | 跟, 同, 和 | |
| Xuzhou | 給 | |
| Yangzhou | 跟, 交 | |
| Nanjing | 告, 跟 | |
| Hefei | 跟 | |
| Malaysia | 和, 跟 | |
| Singapore | 和, 跟 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 帶 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 同, 同埋 |
| Hong Kong | 同, 同埋 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 同 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 同 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 同 | |
| Macau | 同, 同埋 | |
| Taishan | 同埋 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 同, 同埋 | |
| Dongguan | 同, 同埋 | |
| Yangjiang | 鄧, 同 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 同 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 同 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 同 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 跟, 同 |
| Lichuan | 和 | |
| Pingxiang | 同, 跟 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 同, 摎 |
| Yudu | 澗 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 摎 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 同 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 摎 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 同 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 摎 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 和 | |
| Hong Kong | 摎 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 佮 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 搭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 和, 跟 |
| Xinzhou | 給 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 邀 |
| Jian'ou (Dikou) | 邀, 儉, 教 | |
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 邀 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 邀, 跟 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 共 |
| Changle | 共 | |
| Fuqing | 共 | |
| Yongtai | 共 | |
| Gutian | 共 | |
| Fu'an | 共 | |
| Ningde | 共 | |
| Shouning | 隨 | |
| Zhouning | 傮, 共 | |
| Fuding | 跟 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 佮, 交 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 佮 | |
| Quanzhou | 佮, 交 | |
| Zhangzhou | 佮 | |
| Tainan | 佮 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 佮 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 佮 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 佮, 交 | |
| Chaozhou | 佮, 共 | |
| Shantou | 佮 | |
| Jieyang | 佮 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 佮 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 佮 | |
| Leizhou | 共 | |
| Wenchang | 共 | |
| Haikou | 共 | |
| Qionghai | 共 | |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 跟, 邀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 | |
| Shanghai (Songjiang) | 搭 | |
| Suzhou | 搭, 搭仔 | |
| Danyang | 同, 跟 | |
| Hangzhou | 同 | |
| Ningbo | 搭, 搭仔 | |
| Wenzhou | 伉 | |
| Jinhua | 亨, 跟 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跟 |
| Loudi | 跟 | |
| Shuangfeng | 跟, 同 | |
Usage notes
- (Northern Wu): see 脫了#Usage notes
Compounds
Derived terms from 脫
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Descendants
- → Thai: ถอด (tɔ̀ɔt)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
脫
- Used in 脫脫／脱脱 (“carefree”).
- Alternative form of 蛻／蜕 (tuì, “(of skin) cast off”).
- a surname
References
- “脫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Shinjitai | 脱 |
Kyūjitai | 脫 |
Kanji
脫
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 脱)
- take off, remove
- escape, get away
Readings
- Go-on: だち (dachi); たい (tai)
- Kan-on: だつ (datsu); たい (tai)
- Kun: ぬぐ (nugu, 脫ぐ); ぬける (nukeru, 脫ける); ぬげる (nugeru, 脫げる)
Usage notes
This form is extremely rare in Japanese. The current form of 脱 has seen some use before 1946.
Further reading
- Image at Waseda University of the foreword from 代微積拾級訳解 (Dai Biseki Jikkyū Yakkai), an 1872 Japanese translation of the 1851 book Elements of Analytical Geometry and of the Differential and Integral Calculus by Elias Loomis; this rare character form is seen in roughly the center of the leftmost column of text on that page.
Korean
Hanja
脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
脫: Hán Nôm readings: thoát
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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