考
See also: 攷
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Translingual
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Han character
考 (Kangxi radical 125, 老+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十大卜尸 (JKYS), four-corner 44207, composition ⿱耂丂(GTV) or ⿱耂⿺㇉一(H) or ⿱耂⿺㇉丿(JK))
Derived characters
- 侤 𠱼 㘼 㛈 𪫭 拷 洘 栲 烤 𧙲 𥹬 銬(铐) 鮳(鲓) 㼥 𫇷 𥬯 耉
- 𫷟 𬐈 𬁥 𮔁 𬢦 𬴗
References
- KangXi: page 960, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28843
- Dae Jaweon: page 1408, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2779, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8003
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 考 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 丂 ancient 攷 𦒱 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 考 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (丂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 丂 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 攷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 考 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 烤 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 拷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 栲 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 洘 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 銬 | *kʰluːs |
| 巧 | *kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs |
| 朽 | *qʰluʔ |
Variant of 老 (OC *ruːʔ) – Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 耂 (“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 匕 (“a cane”) – an old man, leaning on a cane. Compare top component to 孝 (OC *qʰruːs).
Structurally related to 老 (OC *ruːʔ); the most commonly cited example of 轉注 (“reciprocal meaning”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
考
- to examine; to check
- 考察 ― kǎochá ― to examine
- to study; to investigate
- 考慮／考虑 ― kǎolǜ ― to consider
- 思考 ― sīkǎo ― to think
- 考古 ― kǎogǔ ― archaeology
- 生卒年不可考 ― shēng zú nián bùkě kǎo ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- to test; to assess
- 你考倒我了。 ― Nǐ kǎo dǎo wǒ le. ― You got me there.
- 考考你的數學能力。 [MSC, trad.]
- Kǎo kǎo nǐ de shùxué nénglì. [Pinyin]
- Testing your maths prowess.
考考你的数学能力。 [MSC, simp.]
- to have a test; to have an exam
- 考滿分／考满分 ― kǎo mǎnfēn ― to get full marks
- 考車、考車牌／考车、考车牌 [Cantonese] ― haau2 ce1, haau2 ce1 paai4 [Jyutping] ― to take a driver's license test
- 我明天考數學。／我明天考数学。 ― Wǒ míngtiān kǎo shùxué. ― I'm having my maths exam tomorrow.
- Short for 考試／考试 (kǎoshì, “exam; test”).
- 高考 ― gāokǎo ― gaokao
- (literary) long-lived; elderly
- 福祿壽考／福禄寿考 ― fúlù shòukǎo ― wealth, happiness and longevity
- (literary) deceased father; posthumous name for male relations
- 先考 ― xiānkǎo ― deceased father
- 祭王父曰皇祖考，王母曰皇祖妣。父曰皇考，母曰皇妣。夫曰皇辟。生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jì wángfù yuē huángzǔkǎo, wángmǔ yuē huángzǔbǐ. Fù yuē huángkǎo, mǔ yuē huángbǐ. Fū yuē huángpì. Shēng yuē fù, yuē mǔ, yuē qī, sǐ yuē kǎo, yuē bǐ, yuē pín. [Pinyin]
- In sacrificing to them, a grandfather is called 'the sovereign grandfather'; a grandmother, 'the sovereign grandmother'; a father, 'the sovereign father'; a mother, 'the sovereign mother; a husband, 'the sovereign pattern.' While alive, the names of 'father', 'mother', and 'wife' are used; when they are dead, those of 'the completed one', 'the corresponding one', and 'the honored one'.
祭王父曰皇祖考，王母曰皇祖妣。父曰皇考，母曰皇妣。夫曰皇辟。生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嫔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
Derived terms from 考
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Descendants
- → Guiqiong: kʰɐu (“to sit exams”)
References
- “考”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03252
Japanese
Kanji
考
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- thought
- consideration
Readings
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: かんがえる (kangaeru, 考える, Jōyō)←かんがふ (kangafu, historical)←かむかふ (kamukafu, ancient); かんがえ (kangae)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 考 (MC kʰɑuX).
| Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (to think):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [고]
- (to study; to test):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [고(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource考 (eumhun 생각할 고 (saenggakhal go))
- Hanja form? of 고 (“to think; to consider”).
- Hanja form? of 고 (“to study; to investigate”).
- Hanja form? of 고 (“to test; to assess”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 고려 (考慮, goryeo)
- 사고 (思考, sago)
- 참고 (參考, chamgo)
- 고사 (考査, gosa)
- 고시 (考試, gosi)
- 숙고 (熟考, sukgo)
- 고찰 (考察, gochal)
- 고안 (考案, goan)
- 묵고 (默考, mukgo)
- 고고 (考古, gogo)
- 고증 (考證, gojeung)
- 상고 (詳考, sanggo)
- 비고 (備考, bigo)
- 논고 (論考, non'go)
- 재고 (再考, jaego)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
考: Hán Nôm readings: khảo
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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