罰

罰

See also: 罚 and 罸

罰 U+7F70, 罰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F70 ← 罯 [U+7F6F] CJK Unified Ideographs 罱 → [U+7F71]

Translingual

Han character

罰 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 田中卜口弓 (WLYRN), four-corner 6062₀, composition ⿱罒䚯)

Derived characters

• 藅

Related characters

• 罚 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: page 948, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28315
• Dae Jaweon: page 1390, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2923, character 3
• Unihan data for U+7F70

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Chinese

trad.		罰
simp.		罚
alternative forms		罸 𠟟 𠟑 𦋬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 罰
Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (罰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
罰	*bad
藅	*bad

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : semantic 詈 (“abuse”) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fá (fa²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fat⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): fat⁷
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fa̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fad⁶

• Min Bei (KCR): huāi
• Min Dong (BUC): huăk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoa̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huêg⁸ / huag⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): vaq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fá
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fá
    • Wade–Giles: fa²
    • Yale: fá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
    • Palladius: фа (fa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fat⁶
    • Yale: faht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fat⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fat̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fa̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: fad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /fat̚⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuai⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huăk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: hua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huêg⁸ / huag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hue̍k / hua̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huek̚⁴/, /huak̚⁴/

Note:

• huêg8 - Chaozhou;
• huag8 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: vaq (T5)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̥a̱ʔ¹²/

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• Middle Chinese: /bʉɐt̚/

Rime
Character	罰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	元 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房越切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buat̚/
Li Rong	/biuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b][a]t/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ bjot ›
Old Chinese	/*[b][a]t/
English	punish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罰
Reading #	1/1
No.	2865
Phonetic component	罰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	伐
Old Chinese	/*bad/

Definitions

罰

1. to punish; to fine; to sentence
2. punishment; penalty

Compounds

不罰／不罚 主罰／主罚 信賞必罰／信赏必罚 刑罰／刑罚 (xíngfá) 受罰／受罚 (shòufá) 可罰／可罚 (kěfá) 天罰／天罚 (tiānfá) 干罰／干罚 徇罰／徇罚 從罰／从罚 恭行天罰／恭行天罚 憲罰／宪罚 懲罰／惩罚 (chéngfá) 扎罰子／扎罚子 折罰／折罚 撻罰／挞罚 數罪併罰／数罪并罚 (shùzuì bìngfá) 明德慎罰／明德慎罚 明賞慎罰／明赏慎罚 易科罰金／易科罚金 科罰／科罚 (kēfá) 罪與罰／罪与罚 罰一勸百／罚一劝百

罰不當罪／罚不当罪 (fábùdāngzuì) 罰企／罚企 罰作／罚作 罰例／罚例 罰俸／罚俸 罰則／罚则 (fázé) 罰單／罚单 (fádān) 罰役／罚役 罰東道／罚东道 罰款／罚款 (fákuǎn) 罰爵／罚爵 罰球／罚球 (fáqiú) 罰球區域／罚球区域 罰科／罚科 罰站／罚站 (fázhàn) 罰約／罚约 罰誓／罚誓 罰贖／罚赎 罰跪／罚跪 罰酒／罚酒 (fájiǔ) 罰金／罚金 (fájīn) 罰鍰／罚锾 (fáhuán)

處罰／处罚 (chǔfá) 貨罰／货罚 責罰／责罚 (zéfá) 貶罰／贬罚 賞功罰罪／赏功罚罪 (shǎng gōng fá zuì) 賞同罰異／赏同罚异 賞善罰惡／赏善罚恶 賞罰／赏罚 (shǎngfá) 賞罰不信／赏罚不信 賞罰不明／赏罚不明 賞罰不當／赏罚不当 賞罰分明／赏罚分明 (shǎngfá fēnmíng) 賞罰嚴明／赏罚严明 賞罰無章／赏罚无章 違警罰法／违警罚法 重罰／重罚 (zhòngfá) 鐫罰／镌罚 陟罰／陟罚 (zhìfá) 陟罰臧否／陟罚臧否 (zhìfázāngpǐ) 領罰／领罚 體罰／体罚 (tǐfá) 龔行天罰／龚行天罚

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Japanese

Kanji

罰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. punishment
2. punish

Readings

• Go-on: ぼち (bochi)^{←ぼち (boti, historical)}
• Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)^{←はつ (fatu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ばつ (batsu, Jōyō)^{←ばつ (batu, historical)}; ばち (bachi, Jōyō)^{←ばち (bati, historical)}

Alternative forms

• 罸 (archaic character)

Compounds

• 罰(ばっ)金(きん) (bakkin)
• 罰(ばっ)則(そく) (bassoku)
• 罰(ばっ)俸(ぽう) (bappō)
• 神(しん)罰(ばつ) (shinbatsu): divine punishment
• 罰(ばつ)ゲーム (batsu gēmu): "punishment game", as when one loses a bet and has to do something embarrassing

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
罰
ばち Grade: S
kan’yōon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ばち​ [bàchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ba̠t͡ɕi]

Noun

罰(ばち) • (bachi) 

1. (divine) punishment; a curse
2. (Hawaii, slang): loosely "what goes around comes around"; a mysterious force of divine retribution

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
罰
ばつ Grade: S
kan’yōon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ば​つ [báꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ba̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

罰(ばつ) • (batsu) 

1. a punishment; a penalty

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 罰 (MC bʉɐt̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	뻐ᇙ〮 (Yale: ppélq)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	죄〯줄 (Yale: cwǒy cwùl)	벌〮 (Yale: pél)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʌ̹ɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [벌]

Hanja

Wikisource罰 (eumhun 벌할 벌 (beolhal beol))

1. Hanja form^? of 벌 (“punishment; penalty”). [noun]

Compounds

Compounds

• 면벌 (免罰, myeonbeol)
• 벌금 (罰金, beolgeum)
• 벌방 (罰房, beolbang)
• 벌점 (罰點, beoljeom)
• 벌책 (罰責, beolchaek)
• 벌칙 (罰則, beolchik)
• 상벌 (賞罰, sangbeol)
• 엄벌 (嚴罰, eombeol)
• 중벌 (重罰, jungbeol)
• 징벌 (懲罰, jingbeol)
• 책벌 (責罰, chaekbeol)
• 처벌 (處罰, cheobeol)
• 천벌 (天罰, cheonbeol)
• 체벌 (體罰, chebeol)
• 형벌 (刑罰, hyeongbeol)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

罰: Hán Nôm readings: phạt, ảng, ang, ương

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