缺

See also: 欠

缺	U+7F3A, 缺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F3A

← 缹
[U+7F39]

CJK Unified Ideographs

缻 →
[U+7F3B]

Translingual

Han character

缺 (Kangxi radical 121, 缶+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人山木大 (OUDK), four-corner 8573₀, composition ⿰缶夬)

Derived characters

蒛, 𠺋, 𧎯, 𨶏(𨸊), 𮉻

References

KangXi: page 945, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28122
Dae Jaweon: page 1385, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2936, character 4
Unihan data for U+7F3A

Chinese

trad.		缺
simp. ^#		缺
2nd round simp.		夬
alternative forms		缼𦈫𧖫𡙇𡚆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袂	*mɡʷeds
夬	*kʷraːds
快	*kʰʷraːds
駃	kʰʷraːds, kʷeːd
筷	*kʰʷraːds
炔	*kʷeːds
觖	kʰʷeds, kʷeːd
缺	kʰʷed, kʰʷeːd
蒛	*kʰʷed
吷	*qʰʷed
妜	qʷed, qʷeːd
決	kʷeːd, qʰʷeːd
訣	*kʷeːd
抉	kʷeːd, qʷeːd
玦	*kʷeːd
芵	*kʷeːd
赽	*kʷeːd
鴂	*kʷeːd
鈌	*kʷeːd
决	*kʷeːd
疦	kʷeːd, qʰʷeːd
蚗	*kʷeːd
趹	*kʷeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰʷed, *kʰʷeːd) : semantic 缶 (“earthen pot”) + phonetic 夬 (OC *kʷraːds).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): quē (que¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝ
(Chengdu, SP): que²
Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut³
Gan (Wiktionary): qyot⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiet / khiat
Jin (Wiktionary): qyeh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): kiĕ / kṳĕ
Min Dong (BUC): kiék / kuók
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kheh / kherh / khoeh / khih / khoat
(Teochew, Peng'im): kuêh⁴ / kih⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): qyq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): qye⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: quē
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyue
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh¹
  - Yale: chywē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiue
  - Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: que²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kye
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰye²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kyut³
  - Yale: kyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: küd³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qyot⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyɵt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: kied`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiat
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯at̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qyeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiĕ / kṳĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛ²⁴/, /kʰyɛ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kiék / kuók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛʔ²⁴/, /kʰuɔʔ²⁴/

Note:

kiék - “incomplete”;
kuók - “to lack”.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu, Magong, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kheh
  - Tâi-lô: kheh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qeq
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /kʰeʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰeʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kherh
  - Tâi-lô: kherh
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kʰəʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /kʰəʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoeh
  - Tâi-lô: khueh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoeq
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /kʰueʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Yilan): /kʰueʔ²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan): /kʰueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khih
  - Tâi-lô: khih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoat
  - Tâi-lô: khuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰuat̚³²/

Note:

kheh/kherh/khoeh, khih - vernacular;
khoat - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kuêh⁴ / kih⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khueh / khih
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰueʔ²/, /kʰiʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: qyq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥ̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qye⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰye̞²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 缺
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰye²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰyɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰyɛ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰyu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰye²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰye³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰie²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰye²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰyɵʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiat̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰiet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰyt̚³/
	Nanning	/kʰyt̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kʰyt̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰuat̚³²/ /kʰeʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰwoʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰyɛ²⁴/ /kʰiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰueʔ²/ /kʰiʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xi⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰwet̚/, /kʰiuᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	缺	缺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	先 (88)	仙 (82)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	苦穴切	傾雪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwet̚/	/kʰiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷet̚/	/kʰʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɛt̚/	/kʰjuæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwɛt̚/	/kʰwiat̚/
Li Rong	/kʰuet̚/	/kʰiuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/kʰiwet̚/	/kʰĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiwet̚/	/kʰi̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que	que
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kyut³	kyut³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Nə-[k]ʷʰˤet/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷed/, /*kʰʷeːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	缺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quē
Middle Chinese	‹ khwet ›
Old Chinese	/*Nə-[k]ʷʰˁet/
English	break; defective
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	缺	缺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4412	4430
Phonetic component	夬	夬
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	缺	闋
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷed/	/*kʰʷeːd/

Definitions

缺

incomplete; uncompleted; deficient
imperfect; flawed
to lack; to be short of
to be absent
vacancy; gap; deficit
(colloquial) to be mean; to be wicked
(colloquial) to be stupid; to be dense

Synonyms

(incomplete):

edit

Synonyms of 缺

破 (pò)
破缺 (Min Nan)
破落 (pòluò)
殘敗／残败 (cánbài)

殘破／残破 (cánpò)
殘缺／残缺 (cánquē)
殘舊／残旧 (cánjiù)
破敗／破败 (pòbài)

破爛／破烂 (pòlàn)
破舊／破旧 (pòjiù)
破鬖／破𩭹 (Min Nan)

(vacancy): 空額／空额 (kòng'é)

Antonyms

(imperfect):

edit

Synonyms of 缺

健全 (jiànquán)
完善 (wánshàn)
完美 (wánměi)
工巧 (gōngqiǎo)
工致 (gōngzhì)
幼路 (Min Nan)

精妙 (jīngmiào)
精工 (jīnggōng)
精巧 (jīngqiǎo)
精彩 (jīngcǎi)
精美 (jīngměi)
精良 (jīngliáng)

考究 (kǎojiu)
精細／精细 (jīngxì)
精緻／精致 (jīngzhì)
細緻／细致 (xìzhì)
細膩／细腻 (xìnì)

Compounds

Derived terms from 缺

三缺一
不可或缺 (bùkěhuòquē)
候缺
先天缺陷 (xiāntiān quēxiàn)
兔缺 (tùquē)
出缺
列缺 (lièquē)
劣缺
奇缺
好缺
少一缺二
底缺
得缺
急缺
或缺
放缺
欠缺 (qiànquē)
短缺 (duǎnquē)
空缺 (kòngquē)
精神缺陷 (jīngshén quēxiàn)
繁缺
缺一不可 (quēyībùkě)
缺乏 (quēfá)
缺刻
缺勤 (quēqín)
缺口 (quēkǒu)
缺喙 (khih-chhùi) (Min Nan)
缺嘴 (quēzuǐ)
缺失 (quēshī)
缺少 (quēshǎo)
缺席 (quēxí)
缺德 (quēdé)
缺德鬼
缺憾 (quēhàn)

缺欠 (quēqiàn)
缺氧症
缺水 (quēshuǐ)
缺漏 (quēlòu)
缺略
缺缺
缺考
缺衣少食 (quēyīshǎoshí)
缺陷 (quēxiàn)
署缺
美缺
肥缺 (féiquē)
保殘守缺／保残守缺
先缺後空／先缺后空
兔缺烏沉／兔缺乌沉
劣缺搊搜／劣缺𫼝搜
匱缺／匮缺
完好無缺／完好无缺 (wánhǎowúquē)
完美無缺／完美无缺 (wánměiwúquē)
實缺／实缺
寧缺勿濫／宁缺勿滥
寧缺毋濫／宁缺毋滥 (nìngquēwúlàn)
嶢嶢易缺／峣峣易缺
幹缺／干缺
從缺／从缺 (cóngquē)
懸缺／悬缺
抱殘守缺／抱残守缺 (bàocánshǒuquē)
敗缺／败缺
書缺簡脫／书缺简脱
月缺花殘／月缺花残
月缺難圓／月缺难圆
殘缺／残缺 (cánquē)
殘缺不全／残缺不全 (cánquēbùquán)
短斤缺兩／短斤缺两

禮壞樂缺／礼坏乐缺
簡缺／简缺
納敗缺／纳败缺
緊缺／紧缺 (jǐnquē)
缺一腳／缺一脚
缺斤少兩／缺斤少两 (quējīnshǎoliǎng)
缺斤短兩／缺斤短两 (quējīnduǎnliǎng)
缺月再圓／缺月再圆
缺糧／缺粮 (quēliáng)
缺編／缺编
缺脣／缺唇
缺課／缺课 (quēkè)
缺貨／缺货 (quēhuò)
缺門／缺门
缺頁／缺页 (quēyè)
缺項／缺项
缺額／缺额
缺食無衣／缺食无衣
缺點／缺点 (quēdiǎn)
膨脹缺口／膨胀缺口
花殘月缺／花残月缺
行虧名缺／行亏名缺
補殘守缺／补残守缺
補缺／补缺 (bǔquē)
補缺拾遺／补缺拾遗
遇缺不補／遇缺不补
遺缺／遗缺
金甌無缺／金瓯无缺 (jīn'ōuwúquē)
銜缺相當／衔缺相当
開缺／开缺
離缺／离缺
零缺點／零缺点
餘缺／余缺 (yúquē)

References

“缺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	欠
Kyūjitai	缺

Kanji

缺

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 欠)

lack
gap
fail

Readings

Go-on: けち (kechi)
Kan-on: けつ (ketsu)
Kun: かく (kaku, 缺く); かける (kakeru, 缺ける)

Compounds

缺唇(いぐち) (iguchi)
兎缺(うぐち) (uguchi)
欠(けん)缺(けつ) (kenketsu, “lack”)

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 缺 is mostly replaced by 欠, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.
(Create Category:Japanese terms with 缺 replaced by daiyōji 欠 to display related terms)

Korean

Hanja

缺 (eumhun 이지러질 결 (ijireojil gyeol))

Hanja form^? of 결 (“be short of, lack”).
Hanja form^? of 결 (“gap, deficit”).

Compounds

결석 (缺席, gyeolseok, “absence”)
흠결 (欠缺, heumgyeol, “shortcoming; lack”)
결핍 (缺乏, gyeolpip, “lack”)

Vietnamese

Han character

缺: Hán Nôm readings: khuyết

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