繕う
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
繕 |
つくろ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Etymology
/tukura pu/ → /t͡sukurəfu/ → /t͡sukurofu/ → /t͡sukurou/
Likely first attested in the Ruiju Myōgishō (c. 12th century).
Derived from 作ら (tsukura), the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete or irrealis form”) of verb 作る (tsukuru, “to make”) + ふ (fu, auxiliary verb representing ongoing or repetitive action). The medial /-ra-/ changed early on to /-ro-/.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) つくろう [tsùkúróꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
- IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾo̞ɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "繕う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 繕う | つくろう | [tsùkúróꜜù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 繕え | つくろえ | [tsùkúróꜜè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 繕われる | つくろわれる | [tsùkúrówáréꜜrù] |
Causative | 繕わせる | つくろわせる | [tsùkúrówáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 繕える | つくろえる | [tsùkúróéꜜrù] |
Volitional | 繕おう | つくろおー | [tsùkúróóꜜò] |
Negative | 繕わない | つくろわない | [tsùkúrówáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 繕わなかった | つくろわなかった | [tsùkúrówáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 繕います | つくろいます | [tsùkúróímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 繕った | つくろった | [tsùkúróꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 繕って | つくろって | [tsùkúróꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 繕えば | つくろえば | [tsùkúróꜜèbà] |
Verb
繕う • (tsukurou) ←つくろふ (tukurofu)? transitive godan (stem 繕い (tsukuroi), past 繕った (tsukurotta))
- to repair, mend, patch up (something damaged especially clothing, footwear, etc.)
- Synonyms: 修繕する (shūzen suru), 修理する (shūri suru), 補修する (hoshū suru)
- to treat (a wound, injury, disease, etc.)
- Synonym: 手当てする (teate suru)
- to adjust, fix (hair, clothing, appearance, etc.)
- to keep up appearances
Conjugation
Conjugation of "繕う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 繕わ | つくろわ | tsukurowa |
Continuative (連用形) | 繕い | つくろい | tsukuroi |
Terminal (終止形) | 繕う | つくろう | tsukurou |
Attributive (連体形) | 繕う | つくろう | tsukurou |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 繕え | つくろえ | tsukuroe |
Imperative (命令形) | 繕え | つくろえ | tsukuroe |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 繕われる | つくろわれる | tsukurowareru |
Causative | 繕わせる 繕わす | つくろわせる つくろわす | tsukurowaseru tsukurowasu |
Potential | 繕える | つくろえる | tsukuroeru |
Volitional | 繕おう | つくろおう | tsukuroō |
Negative | 繕わない | つくろわない | tsukurowanai |
Negative continuative | 繕わず | つくろわず | tsukurowazu |
Formal | 繕います | つくろいます | tsukuroimasu |
Perfective | 繕った | つくろった | tsukurotta |
Conjunctive | 繕って | つくろって | tsukurotte |
Hypothetical conditional | 繕えば | つくろえば | tsukuroeba |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 繕い (tsukuroi)
- 繕い立つ (tsukuroi-tatsu)
- 繕い草 (tsukuroigusa)
- 繕い物 (tsukuroimono)
- 言繕う, 言い繕う (iitsukurou)
- 垣繕う (kakitsukurou)
- 掻き繕う (kakitsukurou)
- 取繕う, 取り繕う (toritsukurou)
- 撫で繕う (nadetsukurou)
- 引繕う, 引き繕う (hikitsukurou)
- 見繕う (mitsukurou)
Idioms
- 威儀を繕う (igi o tsukurou)
- 衣紋を繕う (emon o tsukurou)
References
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN