綱

See also: 纲

綱	U+7DB1, 綱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DB1

← 綰
[U+7DB0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

網 →
[U+7DB2]

Translingual

Han character

綱 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火月廿山 (VFBTU), four-corner 2792₀, composition ⿰糹岡)

Derived characters

𮒔

References

KangXi: page 927, character 24

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27576

Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 30

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3414, character 5

Unihan data for U+7DB1

Chinese

trad.		綱
simp.		纲
alternative forms		㭃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
鋼	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 岡／冈 (OC *klaːŋ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang
(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gang
  - Wade–Giles: kang¹
  - Yale: gāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
  - Palladius: ган (gan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong¹
  - Yale: gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
  - Tâi-lô: kong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
  - Tâi-lô: kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kɑŋ/

Rime
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁaŋ/
English	guiding rope of net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
No.	3716
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/

Definitions

綱

guiding principle
essential part, key part
program, outline
(taxonomy) class
(archaic) headrope, main rope of a fishing net

Compounds

三綱／三纲 (sāngāng)
三綱五常／三纲五常 (sāngāngwǔcháng)
三綱八目／三纲八目
上綱上線／上纲上线 (shànggāngshàngxiàn)
乾綱／干纲
倍足綱／倍足纲
僧綱／僧纲
八綱／八纲
國統綱領／国统纲领
大綱／大纲 (dàgāng)
天綱／天纲
宏綱／宏纲
客綱客紀／客纲客纪
建國大綱／建国大纲
張綱埋輪／张纲埋轮
憲綱／宪纲
扶綱／扶纲
振領提綱／振领提纲
提綱／提纲 (tígāng)

提綱挈領／提纲挈领
握綱提領／握纲提领
擔綱／担纲 (dāngāng)
政綱／政纲 (zhènggāng)
斧足綱／斧足纲
昆蟲綱／昆虫纲
朝綱／朝纲
本草綱目／本草纲目 (Běncǎo Gāngmù)
橫綱／横纲 (hénggāng)
王綱／王纲 (wánggāng)
皇綱／皇纲 (huánggāng)
硬骨魚綱／硬骨鱼纲
紀綱／纪纲 (jìgāng)
綱佐／纲佐
綱宗／纲宗
綱常／纲常 (gāngcháng)
綱常倫紀／纲常伦纪
綱常掃地／纲常扫地
綱理／纲理

綱目／纲目 (gāngmù)
綱目不疏／纲目不疏
綱紀／纲纪 (gāngjì)
綱紀廢弛／纲纪废弛
綱維／纲维 (gāngwéi)
綱舉目張／纲举目张
綱要／纲要 (gāngyào)
綱運／纲运
綱鑑／纲鉴
綱領／纲领 (gānglǐng)
總綱／总纲 (zǒnggāng)
舉綱提領／举纲提领
花石綱／花石纲
茶綱／茶纲
蜘蛛綱／蜘蛛纲
軟骨魚綱／软骨鱼纲 (ruǎngǔyúgāng)
騾綱／骡纲
鹽綱／盐纲
黨綱／党纲 (dǎnggāng)

Japanese

Kanji

綱

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

rope, cable
genus, class

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: つな (tsuna, 綱, Jōyō)

Compounds

綱位(こうい) (kōi)
綱維(こうい) (kōi)
綱紀(こうき) (kōki)
綱常(こうじょう) (kōjō)
綱掌(こうしょう) (kōshō)
綱目(こうもく) (kōmoku)
綱要(こうよう) (kōyō)
綱領(こうりょう) (kōryō)
亜綱(あこう) (akō)
維綱(いこう) (ikō)
紀綱(きこう) (kikō)
漁綱(ぎょこう) (gyokō)
乾綱(けんこう) (kenkō)
五綱(ごこう) (gokō)
三綱(さんこう) (sankō)
三綱(さんごう) (sangō)
執綱(しっこう) (shikkō)
上綱(じょうこう) (jōkō)
政綱(せいこう) (seikō)
大綱(たいこう) (taikō)
党綱(とうこう) (tōkō)
要綱(ようこう) (yōkō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
綱
つな Grade: S
kun’yomi

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tuna.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つな [tsùnáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝna̠]

Noun

綱(つな) • (tsuna)

rope
tsuna; ceremonial sumo belt

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
綱
こう Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 綱 (MC kɑŋ). Compare Korean 강 (gang).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

綱(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)^?}

(taxonomy) class

Related terms

(Taxonomy) 生物(せいぶつ)の分類(ぶんるい) (seibutsunobunrui); ドメイン (domein, “domain”), 界(かい) (kai, “kingdom”), 門(もん) (mon, “phylum”), 綱(こう) (kō, “class”), 目(もく) (moku, “order”), 科(か) (ka, “family”), 屬(ぞく) (zoku, “genus”), 種(しゅ) (shu, “species”) ^{(Category: ja:Taxonomy)}

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

綱 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

綱

Kun: ちな (china)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuna, from Proto-Japonic *tuna. Cognate with Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna).

Noun

綱 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

rope

Vietnamese

Han character

綱: Hán Nôm readings: cương, cáng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN