綜

See also: 综

綜	U+7D9C, 綜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D9C

← 綛
[U+7D9B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

綝 →
[U+7D9D]

Translingual

Han character

綜 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火十一火 (VFJMF), four-corner 2399₁, composition ⿰糸宗)

References

KangXi: page 926, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27535

Dae Jaweon: page 1363, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3419, character 8

Unihan data for U+7D9C

Chinese

trad.		綜
simp.		综

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (宗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
淙	zuːŋ, sruːŋs, *zuːŋ
鬃	zuːŋ, ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ
漴	*zruːŋs
粽	*ʔsoːŋs
宗	*ʔsuːŋ
倧	*ʔsuːŋ
綜	*ʔsuːŋs
錝	*ʔsuːŋs
賨	*zuːŋ
琮	*zuːŋ
悰	*zuːŋ
孮	*zuːŋ
誴	*zuːŋ
崇	*zruŋ
崈	*zruŋ
踪	*ʔsoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zōng, zòng
(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): zung³, zung¹
(Taishan, Wiktionary): duung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
Min Bei (KCR): có̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): cūng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chong
(Teochew, Peng'im): zong¹ / zong³
Wu (Wiktionary): tson (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zong
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹
  - Yale: dzūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung³, zung¹
  - Yale: jung, jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³, dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung³, zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: duung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: có̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong
  - Tâi-lô: tsong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zong¹ / zong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong / tsòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soŋ³³/, /t͡soŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tson (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡suoŋ^H/

Rime
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子宋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/
English	collect (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17894
Phonetic component	宗
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	綜
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋs/

Definitions

綜

to put together; to assemble; to gather
to synthesize; to sum up
to manage; to administer
to be proficient in
Classifier for threads or hairs: strand
to become crumpled; to crease

Compounds

參綜／参综
綜上所述／综上所述 (zōngshàngsuǒshù)
綜合／综合 (zōnghé)
綜合圖／综合图
綜合報導／综合报导 (zōnghé bàodǎo)
綜合存款／综合存款
綜合性／综合性
綜合藝術／综合艺术
綜合語／综合语 (zōnghéyǔ)

綜合銀行／综合银行
綜合體／综合体
綜括／综括 (zōngkuò)
綜攬／综揽
綜核／综核
綜核名實／综核名实
綜理／综理
綜藝團／综艺团
綜藝節目／综艺节目 (zōngyì jiémù)

綜觀／综观 (zōngguān)
綜論／综论
綜述／综述 (zōngshù)
綜鼻兒／综鼻儿
織綜／织综
複綜語／复综语
詞綜／词综
錯綜／错综 (cuòzōng)
錯綜複雜／错综复杂 (cuòzōngfùzá)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zèng, zòng (zeng⁴, zong⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄗㄥˋ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): zung³
(Taishan, Wiktionary): duung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zèng
  - Wade–Giles: tsêng⁴
  - Yale: dzèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzenq
  - Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung³
  - Yale: jung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: duung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡suoŋ^H/

Rime
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子宋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/
English	collect (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17894
Phonetic component	宗
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	綜
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋs/

Definitions

綜

heddle (on a loom)

Japanese

Kanji

綜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

rule
synthesize

Readings

Go-on: そ (so)
Kan-on: そう (sō)
Kun: おさめる (osameru, 綜める); すべる (suberu, 綜べる)

Korean

Hanja

綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Pai-lang

Etymology

Related to Burmese ဆောင်း (hcaung:, “winter”).

Noun

綜 (*tsoungh)

winter

References

Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

Vietnamese

Han character

綜: Hán Nôm readings: tổng, tống

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.