結界
See also: 结界
Chinese
knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit) knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind | boundary; scope; extent boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (結界) | 結 | 界 | |
simp. (结界) | 结 | 界 |
Etymology
- "force field"
- Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 結界 (kekkai).
Pronunciation
Noun
結界
- (Buddhism) boundary; restricted area
- (Buddhism) a gloss for the Sanskrit term sīmābandha
- (fiction, chiefly ACG) force field; invisible barrier
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
結 | 界 |
けつ > けっ Grade: 4 | かい Grade: 3 |
kan’on |
Etymology
Originally a Buddhist term borrowed from Middle Chinese 結界 (MC ket̚ kˠɛiH),[1][2] itself a translation of Sanskrit सीमाबन्ध (sīmābandha, literally “boundary, edge + bounded”).[3][4]
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) けっかい [kéꜜkkàì] (Atamadaka – [1])[5][6]
- IPA(key): [ke̞k̚ka̠i]
Noun
結界 • (kekkai)
- (Buddhism) restricted access:
- restricted access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training
- in esoteric Buddhism, restricted access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification
- a wooden fence or partition separating the inner and outer sanctuaries of a temple, or separating monastic and public seating in the outer sanctuary
- an area into which anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training is restricted from entering, such as a 女人結界 (nyonin kekkai, “no-women zone”)
- a lattice or screen demarcating a merchant's or shopkeeper's register and bookkeeping area
- (tea) an item used in 茶道 (sadō, “tea ceremony”) to visually separate the guest tatami area from the ceremony tatami area
- (fantasy) on a small scale, meaning a projected energy barrier, force field, or shield; and on a larger scale, meaning a pocket universe, spiritual or otherwise
- 結界を張る
- kekkai o haru
- to set up a force field
- 結界を張る
Synonyms
- (shield): 盾 (tate), 楯 (tate); 保護物 (hogobutsu)
- (folding screen): 屏風 (byōfu)
- (barrier): 障壁 (shōheki)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 女人結界 (nyonin kekkai): no-women zone
- 結界石 (kekkaiseki): temple border stone
- 結界地 (kekkaichi): restricted access area
- 結界術 (kekkai jutsu): force field or barrier technique
- 結界限界 (kekkai genkai): force field limit
- 結界忍術 (kekkai ninjutsu): ninja barrier technique
- 結界師 (kekkaishi): barrier master or specialist
Verb
結界する • (kekkai suru) suru (stem 結界し (kekkai shi), past 結界した (kekkai shita))
- (Buddhism) to restrict access:
- to restrict access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training
- in esoteric Buddhism, to restrict access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification
- to restrict anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training from entering into an area
Conjugation
Conjugation of "結界する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 結界し | けっかいし | kekkai shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 結界し | けっかいし | kekkai shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 結界する | けっかいする | kekkai suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 結界する | けっかいする | kekkai suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 結界すれ | けっかいすれ | kekkai sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 結界せよ¹ 結界しろ² | けっかいせよ¹ けっかいしろ² | kekkai seyo¹ kekkai shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 結界される | けっかいされる | kekkai sareru | |
Causative | 結界させる 結界さす | けっかいさせる けっかいさす | kekkai saseru kekkai sasu | |
Potential | 結界できる | けっかいできる | kekkai dekiru | |
Volitional | 結界しよう | けっかいしよう | kekkai shiyō | |
Negative | 結界しない | けっかいしない | kekkai shinai | |
Negative continuative | 結界せず | けっかいせず | kekkai sezu | |
Formal | 結界します | けっかいします | kekkai shimasu | |
Perfective | 結界した | けっかいした | kekkai shita | |
Conjunctive | 結界して | けっかいして | kekkai shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 結界すれば | けっかいすれば | kekkai sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
See also
- (Buddhist boundary): Bai sema on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- (fantasy): Barrier on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- (fantasy): Force field on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- “結界”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
- “結界”, in 世界大百科事典 第2版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term | |
---|---|
結 | 界 |
Noun
結界
- chữ Hán form of kết giới (“forcefield”).