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单词 結
释义

結

See also: 结
結 U+7D50, 結
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D50
← 絏
[U+7D4F]		CJK Unified Ideographs絑 →
[U+7D51]

Translingual

Han character

結 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火土口 (VFGR), four-corner 24961, composition ⿰糹吉)

Derived characters

  • 𢢂 鐑

References

  • KangXi: page 921, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27398
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1354, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3390, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7D50

Chinese

trad.結
simp.结

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (吉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秸*kriːl, *kriːd
髻*kiːds
夡*kʰids
鴶*kriːd
袺*kriːd, *kiːd
頡*kriːd, *ɡiːd
劼*kʰriːd
硈*kʰriːd
咭*kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid
黠*ɡriːd
聐*ŋreːd
趌*ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid
結*kiːd
拮*kiːd, *klid
桔*kiːd
狤*kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid
擷*qʰiːd, *ɡiːd
襭*ɡiːd
翓*ɡiːd
纈*ɡiːd
吉*klid
郆*kid
詰*kʰid
蛣*kʰid
佶*ɡlid, *ɡrid
鮚*ɡrid
姞*ɡrid
欯*qʰlid
恄*qʰlid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kiːd) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)i(t/k) (“to tie; to bind”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིག (khyig, “to bind”), Burmese ကျစ် (kyac, “to twist”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): jié, jiē (jie2, jie1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ, ㄐㄧㄝ
    (Chengdu, SP): jie2
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): git3, lit3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): get2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): jiet6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiet / kiat
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giad5
  • Jin (Wiktionary): jieh4
  • Min Bei (KCR): giĕ
  • Min Dong (BUC): gáik / giék
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kat / kiat / ket
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gag4 / gig4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): jiq (T4)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): jie6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jié
      • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jié
      • Wade–Giles: chieh2
      • Yale: jyé
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
      • Palladius: цзе (cze)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕjɛ³⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
      • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jie
      • Wade–Giles: chieh1
      • Yale: jyē
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
      • Palladius: цзе (cze)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕjɛ⁵⁵/
Note:
  • jiē - “to bear (Mainland); to stammer”.
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: jie2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gie
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: git3, lit3
      • Yale: git, lit
      • Cantonese Pinyin: git8, lit8
      • Guangdong Romanization: gid3, lid3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kiːt̚³/, /liːt̚³/
Note:
  • git3 - literary (all senses);
  • lit3 - vernacular (“knot”).
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: get2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ket̚⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: jiet6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet
      • Hakka Romanization System: gied`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: giad5
      • Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚²/
    • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat
      • Hakka Romanization System: giad`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: giad5
      • Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: giad5
      • Sinological IPA: /ciat̚¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: jieh4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giĕ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kiɛ²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáik / giék
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kaiʔ²⁴/, /kiɛʔ²⁴/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Changtai, Zhangpu, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kat
      • Tâi-lô: kat
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kad
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kat̚³²/
      • IPA (Hui'an): /kat̚⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Longyan): /kat̚⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Changtai, Zhangpu, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat
      • Tâi-lô: kiat
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kiad
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Longyan): /kiɛt̚⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Hui'an)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ket
      • Tâi-lô: ket
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ked
      • IPA (Hui'an): /ket̚⁴/
Note:
  • kat - vernacular;
  • kiat/ket - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gag4 / gig4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kak / kik
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kak̚²/, /kik̚²/
Note:
  • gag4 - vernacular;
  • gig4 - literary.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: jiq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: jie6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕie̞²⁴/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
結
MandarinBeijing/t͡ɕiɛ³⁵/
Harbin/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ 不～果兒
/t͡ɕiɛ²¹³/ ～婚
Tianjin/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ ～婚
/t͡ɕie²¹/ ～實
Jinan/t͡ɕiə²¹³/
/t͡ɕiə⁴²/ 完～
Qingdao/t͡ɕiə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xi'an/t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
Xining/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/t͡ɕie¹³/
Lanzhou/t͡ɕiə¹³/
Ürümqi/t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡ɕie²¹³/
Chengdu/t͡ɕie³¹/
Guiyang/t͡ɕie²¹/
Kunming/t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing/t͡ɕieʔ⁵/
Hefei/t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao/t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot/t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/t͡ɕi²¹³/
HuiShexian/t͡ɕieʔ²¹/
Tunxi/t͡ɕia⁵/
XiangChangsha/t͡ɕie²⁴/
Xiangtan/t͡ɕie²⁴/
GanNanchang/t͡ɕiɛʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/kiat̚¹/
Taoyuan/kiet̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/kit̚³/
Nanning/kit̚³³/
Hong Kong/kit̚³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/kiat̚³²/
/kat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/kiɛʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/kiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/kiak̚²/
/kak̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan)/kit̚⁵/
/kak̚⁵/
/xak̚⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /ket̚/
Rime
Character結
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)先 (87)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)IV
Fanqie古屑切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ket̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/ket̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/kɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kɛt̚/
Li
Rong		/ket̚/
Wang
Li		/kiet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/kiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		jie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		git3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤi[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kiːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character結
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		jié
Middle
Chinese		‹ ket ›
Old
Chinese		/*kˁi[t]/
Englishtie (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character結
Reading #1/1
No.5681
Phonetic
component		吉
Rime
group		質
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		結
Old
Chinese		/*kiːd/

Definitions

結

  1. to tie; to bind; to join; to connect
    結網／结网  ―  jié wǎng  ―  to weave a net
  2. to solidify
    結冰／结冰  ―  jiébīng  ―  to freeze
  3. to form; to forge (a relationship)
    結盟／结盟  ―  jiéméng  ―  to form an alliance
    結下了深深的友誼 [MSC, trad.]
    结下了深深的友谊 [MSC, simp.]
    jié xià le shēn shēn de yǒuyì [Pinyin]
    to forge a profound friendship
  4. to end; to finish; to settle
    結帳／结帐  ―  jiézhàng  ―  to settle accounts
  5. knot; tie
    死結／死结  ―  sǐjié  ―  fast knot
    打個結／打个结 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 go3 lit3 [Jyutping]  ―  to tie a knot
  6. emotional knot
  7. written agreement; undertaking
    具結／具结  ―  jùjié  ―  to sign an undertaking
  8. to bear (fruit)
  9. (dialectal) to stammer; to stutter

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 口吃 (“to stammer; to stutter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese謇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)口吃
MandarinBeijing磕巴
Taiwan口吃, 結巴
Harbin磕巴
Yantai (Muping)結巴, 磕巴
Jinan結巴, 磕巴
Wanrong可
Xi'an結
Lanzhou結
Ürümqi結巴
Wuhan結
Chengdu結巴
Guiyang結巴
Xuzhou結巴
Yangzhou結
Nanjing結巴
Singapore口吃
CantoneseGuangzhou漏口
Hong Kong漏口
GanPingxiang結巴
HakkaMeixian結舌仔, 重舌仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian)結舌
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)結舌
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)結舌
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)結舌
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)結舌
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)大舌
JinTaiyuan磕巴
Xinzhou結咳
Min BeiJian'ou結舌, 大舌
Min NanXiamen大舌口, 大舌, 重句, 重舌
Quanzhou大舌口, 大舌, 重句
Zhangzhou大舌鼓, 大舌, 重句
Taipei大舌
New Taipei (Sanxia)大舌
Kaohsiung大舌
Yilan大舌
Changhua (Lukang)大舌
Taichung大舌
Tainan大舌
Hsinchu大舌
Kinmen大舌口
Penghu (Magong)大舌, 重句
Singapore (Hokkien)大舌口
Longyan結舌
Chaozhou大舌
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)講突話
WuShanghai吃嘴, 楞嘴
Shanghai (Chongming)楞嘴, 篤嘴
Shanghai (Songjiang)吃嘴
Danyang結巴
Ningbo吃舌頭
Zhoushan吃舌頭
Wenzhou大舌
Jinhua點舌, 點舌兒, 拆舌, 拆舌兒
XiangChangsha結巴
Loudi𪘬

Compounds

Derived terms from 結

References

  • “Entry #8853”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

結

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. tie, fasten
  2. join
  3. organize
  4. end, conclude

Readings

  • Go-on: けち (kechi)
  • Kan-on: けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)
  • On: けい (kei)
  • Kun: むすぶ (musubu, 結ぶ, Jōyō); ゆう (yuu, 結う, Jōyō)←ゆふ (yufu, historical); ゆわう (yuwau, 結わう)←ゆはふ (yufafu, historical); ゆわえる (yuwaeru, 結わえる, Jōyō)←ゆはへる (yufaferu, historical); いわえる (iwaeru, 結える)←いはへる (ifaferu, historical); いわく (iwaku, 結く)←いはく (ifaku, historical); かたなす (katanasu, 結なす); かたぬ (katanu, 結ぬ); かためる (katameru, 結める); すく (suku, 結く)
  • Nanori: ゆい (yui)

Compounds

  • 結婚(けっこん) (kekkon): a marriage
  • 結婚(けっこん)する (kekkonsuru): to marry, to get married
  • 結婚式(けっこんしき) (kekkonshiki): a wedding
  • 結晶(けっしょう) (kesshō): a crystal
  • 結末(けつまつ) (ketsumatsu): an end
  • 結果(けっか) (kekka): a result
  • 結構(けっこう) (kekkō): quite; very well

Proper noun

結(ゆい) • (Yui) 

  1. a female given name

Korean

Hanja

結 (eumhun 맺을 결 (maejeul gyeol))

  1. Hanja form? of 결 (“tie”).
  2. Hanja form? of 결 (“result”).

Compounds

Compounds

團結 (단결) unity; solidarity
集結 (집결) gathering
連結 (연결) connection; linking
結合 (결합) union cohesion
結付 (결부) linking; involving
結婚 (결혼) marriage; wedding
姉妹結緣 (자매결연) sisterhood relationship
結果 (결과) result
結局 (결국) eventually
結論 (결론) conclusion
結末 (결말) conclusion; an end
結實 (결실) bearing fruit; fruition
結核 (결핵) tuberculosis

Vietnamese

Han character

結: Hán Nôm readings: kết, cứt, kiết, chắc, kít

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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