終

終

See also: 终

終 U+7D42, 終 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D42 ← 絁 [U+7D41] CJK Unified Ideographs 絃 → [U+7D43]

Translingual

Han character

終 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹水卜 (VFHEY), four-corner 2793₃, composition ⿰糹冬)

Derived characters

• 蔠, 䈺, 𢴋, 𤍑, 𨄿, 𧈆, 𡈡

References

• KangXi: page 921, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27372
• Dae Jaweon: page 1353, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3384, character 5
• Unihan data for U+7D42

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Chinese

trad.		終
simp.		终
alternative forms		𣧩 ancient form 𠔾 ancient form 𠂂 ancient form 𡦿 ancient form 𢍐 ancient form 𣧩 ancient form 𠔾 ancient form 𠂂 ancient form 𡦿 ancient form 𢍐 ancient form 𤽘 ancient form 𤽬 ancient form 𦤒 ancient form 𢒣 ancient form 𣊂 ancient form 𣈩 ancient form 𣊜 ancient form 𪚪 ancient form 𦄖 historical variant

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 終
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (冬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
疼	*dɯːŋ, *duːŋ
冬	*tuːŋ
苳	*tuːŋ
笗	*tuːŋ
炵	*tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ
佟	*duːŋ
鼕	*duːŋ
鉖	*duːŋ
終	*tjuŋ
螽	*tjuŋ
鼨	*tjuŋ
柊	*tjuŋ
鴤	*tjuŋ
泈	*tjuŋ
蔠	*tjuŋ

Originally a Pictogram (象形) , 夂 (definition 2) – the knot at the end of a cord. Later reformulated as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjuŋ) : semantic 糹／纟 + phonetic 冬 (OC *tuːŋ).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Chepang दोङःसा (doŋʔ‑, “to end; to cease”), Lai [script needed] (doŋ / doʔŋ, “to end”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Wang (1982) derives 冬 (OC *tuːŋ, “winter”) from this word.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zung¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
• Min Bei (KCR): cé̤ng
• Min Dong (BUC): cṳ̆ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zong¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): tson (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
    • Wade–Giles: chung¹
    • Yale: jūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
    • Palladius: чжун (čžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zung¹
    • Yale: jūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: zuung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: zung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cé̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœyŋ⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong
    • Tâi-lô: tsiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tson (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	終
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職戎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuwŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tuŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	終
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/
English	end
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	終
Reading #	1/1
No.	2428
Phonetic component	冬
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	終
Old Chinese	/*tjuŋ/

Definitions

終

1. (literary, or in compounds) end; ending; termination
2. (literary, or in compounds) to come to an end

   無果而終／无果而终  ―  wú guǒ ér zhōng  ―  to end without results

3. (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic) to die; to reach the end of life
4. (literary, or in compounds) entire; all
5. (literary, or in compounds) eventually; finally

Synonyms

• (to come to an end):

edit

Synonyms of 終

交代 (jiāodài) (humorous) 完了 (wánliǎo) 收束 (shōushù) 了卻／了却 (liǎoquè) 了斷／了断 (liǎoduàn)

了結／了结 (liǎojié) 告終／告终 (gàozhōng) 完畢／完毕 (wánbì) 完結／完结 (wánjié)

收場／收场 (shōuchǎng) 結束／结束 (jiéshù) 結絕／结绝 (jiéjué) (literary) 結腳／结脚 (Sichuan)

• (to die):

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Synonyms of 終

上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic) 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic) 下世 (xiàshì) (formal) 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic) 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic) 亡故 (wánggù) (literary) 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic) 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic) 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial) 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks) 即世 (jíshì) (literary) 去世 (qùshì) 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic) 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory) 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous) 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic) 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic) 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.) 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.) 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic) 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic) 故 (gù) 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders) 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders) 早死 (zǎosǐ) 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative) 死 (sǐ) 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal) 死人 (sǐrén) 死去 (sǐqù) (informal) 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal) 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)

消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic) 物化 (wùhuà) (literary) 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness) 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness) 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly) 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials) 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords) 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic) 走去踮 (Min Nan, euphemistic) 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes) 逝世 (shìshì) 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic) 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic) 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary) 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary) 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age) 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary) 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic) 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic) 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic) 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial) 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns) 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (literary, euphemistic) 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing) 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr) 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous) 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative) 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.) 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary) 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic) 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)

歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic) 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous) 死脫／死脱 (Wu) 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic) 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary) 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary) 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic) 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly) 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic) 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds) 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous) 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.) 見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders) 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative) 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.) 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary) 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái) 過世／过世 (guòshì) 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic) 過往／过往 (Min Nan, euphemistic) 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary) 過面／过面 (Min Nan) 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic) 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific) 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic) 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic) 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic) 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.) 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic) 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic) 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)

• (eventually):

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Synonyms of 終

到尾 (Min Dong) 到底 (dàodǐ) 卒之 (Cantonese) 算是 (suànshì) 高低 (gāodī)

始終／始终 (shǐzhōng) 終久／终久 (zhōngjiǔ) 終於／终于 (zhōngyú) 終歸／终归 (zhōngguī) 終究／终究 (zhōngjiū)

終須／终须 (Cantonese) 總是／总是 (zǒngshì) 總歸／总归 (zǒngguī) 總算／总算 (zǒngsuàn)

Antonyms

• (end): 始 (shǐ)
• (to die):

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在世 (zàishì) 在生 (zàishēng)

活著／活着 (huózhe) 生存 (shēngcún)

生息 (shēngxī)

Compounds

Derived terms from 終

不可終日／不可终日 (bùkě-zhōngrì) 不得善終／不得善终 (bùdéshànzhōng) 不知所終／不知所终 (bùzhīsuǒzhōng) 不終／不终 不終朝／不终朝 令終／令终 偵查終結／侦查终结 兄終弟及／兄终弟及 (xiōngzhōngdìjí) 全始全終／全始全终 凶終隙末／凶终隙末 劇終／剧终 (jùzhōng) 原始反終／原始反终 原始要終／原始要终 原始見終／原始见终 受終／受终 否終而泰／否终而泰 告終／告终 (gàozhōng) 告終養／告终养 善始令終／善始令终 善始善終／善始善终 善終／善终 (shànzhōng) 壽終／寿终 (shòuzhōng) 壽終內寢／寿终内寝 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) 始亂終棄／始乱终弃 (shǐluànzhōngqì) 始終／始终 (shǐzhōng) 始終不易／始终不易 始終不渝／始终不渝 始終如一／始终如一 (shǐzhōngrúyī) 始終若一／始终若一 年終／年终 (niánzhōng) 年終獎金／年终奖金 從一以終／从一以终 從一而終／从一而终 從始至終／从始至终 怙終／怙终 慎始敬終／慎始敬终 (shènshǐjìngzhōng) 慎終如始／慎终如始 慎終若始／慎终若始 慎終追遠／慎终追远 (shènzhōngzhuīyuǎn) 抱恨終天／抱恨终天 (bàohènzhōngtiān) 抱憾終生／抱憾终生 (bàohànzhōngshēng) 晚節不終／晚节不终 曲終人散／曲终人散 (qǔzhōngrénsàn) 曲終奏雅／曲终奏雅 最終／最终 (zuìzhōng) 月終／月终 (yuèzhōng)

有始有終／有始有终 (yǒushǐyǒuzhōng) 有始無終／有始无终 (yǒushǐwúzhōng) 有終／有终 期終考試／期终考试 (qīzhōng kǎoshì) 無始無終／无始无终 無疾而終／无疾而终 (wújí'érzhōng) 疾終正寢／疾终正寝 看終了／看终了 終不成／终不成 終久／终久 (zhōngjiǔ) 終了／终了 (zhōngliǎo) 終伏／终伏 終制／终制 終南／终南 終南別業／终南别业 終南山／终南山 (Zhōngnán Shān) 終南捷徑／终南捷径 (Zhōngnán jiéjìng) 終古／终古 (zhōnggǔ) 終場／终场 (zhōngchǎng) 終夕／终夕 終夜／终夜 (zhōngyè) 終天／终天 (zhōngtiān) 終天之恨／终天之恨 (zhōngtiānzhīhèn) 終天之慕／终天之慕 終天抱恨／终天抱恨 終始／终始 (zhōngshǐ) 終始不渝／终始不渝 終始如一／终始如一 終宿主／终宿主 終審／终审 (zhōngshěn) 終局／终局 (zhōngjú) 終局裁判／终局裁判 終席／终席 終年／终年 (zhōngnián) 終教／终教 終於／终于 (zhōngyú) 終日／终日 (zhōngrì) 終日不倦／终日不倦 (zhōngrì bùjuàn) 終曲／终曲 終朝／终朝 (zhōngzhāo) 終期／终期 終末／终末 (zhōngmò) 終極／终极 (zhōngjí) 終止／终止 (zhōngzhǐ) 終歲／终岁 (zhōngsuì) 終歸／终归 (zhōngguī)

終池／终池 (zhōngchí) 終焉之志／终焉之志 終獻／终献 終生／终生 (zhōngshēng) 終生教育／终生教育 終究／终究 (zhōngjiū) 終竟／终竟 終端／终端 (zhōngduān) 終端機／终端机 (zhōngduānjī) 終篇／终篇 終結／终结 (zhōngjié) 終結者／终结者 終老／终老 (zhōnglǎo) 終而復始／终而复始 終身／终身 (zhōngshēn) 終身伴侶／终身伴侣 終身保險／终身保险 終身大事／终身大事 (zhōngshēndàshì) 終身學習／终身学习 終身教育／终身教育 終身有托／终身有托 終身有靠／终身有靠 終身遺憾／终身遗憾 終軍棄繻／终军弃𦈡 終軍請纓／终军请缨 終霜／终霜 終須／终须 終風／终风 (zhōngfēng) 終食之間／终食之间 終養／终养 終點／终点 (zhōngdiǎn) 終點站／终点站 老有所終／老有所终 考終／考终 臨終／临终 (línzhōng) 臨終關懷／临终关怀 (línzhōng guānhuái) 自始至終／自始至终 (zìshǐzhìzhōng) 至終／至终 (zhìzhōng) 謹終追遠／谨终追远 貫徹始終／贯彻始终 (guànchè shǐzhōng) 送終／送终 (sòngzhōng) 非理就終／非理就终 食不終味／食不终味 飲恨而終／饮恨而终 (yǐnhèn'érzhōng) 飽食終日／饱食终日 (bǎoshízhōngrì) 養老送終／养老送终

References

• “終”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Shinjitai	終
Kyūjitai [1]	終󠄁 終+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	終󠄃 終+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

終

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. end, finish

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しゆう (syū, historical)}
• Kun: おわる (owaru, 終わる, Jōyō)^{←をはる (wofaru, historical)}; おえる (oeru, 終える, Jōyō)^{←をへる (woferu, historical)}; しまう (shimau, 終う)^{←しまふ (simafu, historical)}; つい (tsui, 終)^{←つひ (tufi, historical)}; ついに (tsuini, 終に)^{←つひに (tufini, historical)}; はて (hate, 終)

Compounds

• 一(いち)部(ぶ)始(し)終(じゅう) (ichibushijū)
• 年(ねん)金(きん)終(しゅう)価(か)率(りつ) (nenkinshūkaritsu)
• 最(さい)終(しゅう) (saishū)
• 終(お)る (oru)
• 終(お)わる (owaru)
• 終(しゅう)了(りょう) (shūryō)
• 終(しゅう)夜(や) (shūya)
• 終(しゅう)局(きょく) (shūkyoku)
• 終(しゅう)年(ねん) (shūnen)
• 終(しゅう)日(じつ) (shūjitsu)
• 終(しゅう)曲(きょく) (shūkyoku)
• 終(しゅう)楽(がく)章(しょう) (shūgakushō)
• 終(しゅう)止(し) (shūshi)
• 終(しゅう)点(てん) (shūten)
• 終(しゅう)話(わ) (shūwa)
• 複(ふく)利(り)終(しゅう)価(か)率(りつ) (fukurishūkaritsu)

 

Etymology

Kanji in this term
終
つい Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
竟 遂

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝi]

Noun

終(つい) • (tsui) ^{←つひ (tufi)?}

1. end, conclusion

   終(つい)のすみか

   tsui no sumika

   final abode

2. end-of-life, death

References

1. “終”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 終 (MC t͡ɕɨuŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 죠ᇰ (cyong) (Yale: cyong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource終 (eumhun 마칠 종 (machil jong))

1. Hanja form^? of 종 (“end; finish”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 종료 (終了, jongnyo, “end”)
• 종식 (終熄, jongsik, “cessation; end”)
• 최종 (最終, choejong, “the last, the final”)
• 종말 (終末, jongmal, “end; finish”)
• 임종 (臨終, imjong, “one's deathbed, dying moment, dying breath”)
• 종업 (終業, jong'eop, “the close of a school term”)
• 종내 (終乃, jongnae, “at last; finally”)
• 종결 (終結, jonggyeol, “end; conclusion”)
• 종결자 (終結者, jonggyeolja, “terminator”)
• 종신형 (終身刑, jongsinhyeong, “life sentence”)
• 종지부 (終止符, jongjibu, “a mark indicating the end of a sentence”)
• 자초지종 (自初至終, jachojijong, “all the details; whole story”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

終: Hán Nôm readings: chung, chon, giong, trọn, xông

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.