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单词 細
释义

細

See also: 细
細 U+7D30, 細
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D30
← 累
[U+7D2F]		CJK Unified Ideographs紱 →
[U+7D31]

Translingual

Han character

細 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女火田 (VFW), four-corner 26900, composition ⿰糸田)

References

  • KangXi: page 919, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27344
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3380, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7D30

Chinese

trad.細
simp.细
alternative forms𥿳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 細
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (囟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崽*ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː
偲*sn̥ʰɯː, *snɯ
腮*snɯː
鰓*snɯː
揌*snɯː
顋*snɯː
愢*snɯː
毢*snɯː
諰*srɯː, *snɯʔ
細*snɯːls
思*snɯ, *snɯs
緦*snɯ
罳*snɯ
禗*snɯ
楒*snɯ
葸*snɯʔ
恖*snɯ
颸*sʰrɯ
囟*snɯns
顖*sniŋs
毸*snɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *snɯːls) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(j)əj (“little; small; tiny”) (STEDT); cognate with Jingpho zi (“small”), Tibetan ཟི (zi, “small”), Burmese သေး (se:, “small”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xì (xi4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): sai3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhai1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): se
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sê4
  • Min Dong (BUC): sá̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): sòe / sè / sère
    (Teochew, Peng'im): soi3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): xi (T2)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: xì
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: sì
      • Wade–Giles: hsi4
      • Yale: syì
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
      • Palladius: си (si)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sai3
      • Yale: sai
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sai3
      • Guangdong Romanization: sei3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhai1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai³³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: se
      • Hakka Romanization System: se
      • Hagfa Pinyim: se4
      • Sinological IPA: /se⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: sê4
      • Sinological IPA: /se⁵³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sá̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɑ²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòe
      • Tâi-lô: suè
      • Phofsit Daibuun: soex
      • IPA (Taipei): /sue¹¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /sue²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sue⁴¹/
      • IPA (Lukang): /sue³¹/
      • IPA (Kinmen): /sue¹²/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè
      • Tâi-lô: sè
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sex
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan): /se²¹/
    • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sère
      • Tâi-lô: serè
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • sòe - vernacular;
    • sè - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: soi3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sòi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /soi²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: xi (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi³⁴/
  • Middle Chinese: /seiH/
Rime
Character細
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)心 (16)
Final (韻)齊 (39)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)IV
Fanqie蘇計切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/seiH/
Pan
Wuyun		/seiH/
Shao
Rongfen		/sɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/sɛjH/
Li
Rong		/seiH/
Wang
Li		/sieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/sieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		xì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		sai3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤe(k)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*snɯːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character細
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		xì
Middle
Chinese		‹ sejH ›
Old
Chinese		/*[s]ˁe(k)-s/
Englishsmall, minute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character細
Reading #1/1
No.13834
Phonetic
component		囟
Rime
group		微
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		細
Old
Chinese		/*snɯːls/

Definitions

細

  1. (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min) small; tiny; little
    Antonym: 大 (dà)
    點解會咁細嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    点解会咁细嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    dim2 gaai2 wui5 gam3 sai3 ge2? [Jyutping]
    Why is it so small?
  2. thin; slender
    Antonym: 粗 (cū)
    細線／细线  ―  xì xiàn  ―  thin string
  3. fine; delicate; exquisite
    Antonym: 粗 (cū)
    細沙／细沙  ―  xì shā  ―  fine sand
  4. careful; detailed; meticulous
  5. slowly; carefully; thoroughly; detailedly
    細看／细看  ―  xìkàn  ―  to carefully examine
  6. trifling; trivial; unimportant
  7. (of one's voice) soft
  8. frugal; sparing
  9. (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min) young; little
    Antonym: 大 (dà)
    你仲細咩！／你仲细咩！ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 zung6 sai3 me1! [Jyutping]  ―  [Do you think that] you're still a child?
  10. (Cantonese) to be younger than
    Antonym: 大 (dà)
    細佢幾十年／细佢几十年 [Cantonese]  ―  sai3 keoi5 gei2 sap6 nin4 [Jyutping]  ―  younger than them by a couple decades
  11. (Hokkien) concubine

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 小 (“small”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)小
MandarinBeijing小
Taiwan小
Tianjin小
Harbin小
Jinan小
Wanrong小
Xi'an小, 碎
Yinchuan小
Xining小, 尕
Ürümqi小, 尕
Wuhan小
Chengdu小
Guiyang小
Guilin小
Liuzhou小
Yangzhou小
Nanjing小
Hefei小
Malaysia小
Singapore小
CantoneseGuangzhou細
Hong Kong細
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)細
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)細
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)細
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)細
Macau細
Guangzhou (Panyu)細
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)細
Guangzhou (Conghua)細
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)細
Foshan細
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)細
Foshan (Shunde)細
Foshan (Sanshui)細
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)細
Zhongshan (Shiqi)細
Zhuhai (Qianshan)細
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)細
Zhuhai (Doumen)細
Jiangmen (Baisha)細
Jiangmen (Xinhui)細
Taishan細
Kaiping (Chikan)細
Enping (Niujiang)細
Heshan (Yayao)細
Dongguan細
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)細
Qingyuan細
Fogang細
Yingde (Hanguang)細
Yangshan細
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)細
Shaoguan細
Shaoguan (Qujiang)細
Renhua細
Lechang細
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)細
Sihui細
Guangning細
Deqing細
Huaiji細
Yunfu細
Xinxing細
Luoding細
Yunan (Pingtai)細
Yangjiang細
Xinyi細
Maoming (Xinpo)細
Lianjiang細
Nanning細
Wuzhou細, 𱒃
Yulin𱒃
Hepu (Lianzhou)𱒃
Hepu (Shatian)𱒃
Guiping細, 小
Guiping (Mule)𱒃
Pingnan細
Mengshan (Xihe)細
Guigang (Gangcheng)細
Guigang (Nanjiang)細
Guigang (Pingdong)細
Beiliu (Tangliao)細
Baise細
Bobai細
Lingshan細
Pubei細
Qinzhou細
Beihai細
Beihai (Nankang)細
Beihai (Yingpan)𱒃
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)細
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)細, 小
Ningming細
Hengxian細
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)細
Danzhou細
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)細
Singapore (Guangfu)細
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)細
Móng Cái細
GanNanchang細, 小
Lichuan細, 小
Pingxiang細, 小
HakkaMeixian細, 小
Xingning細
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)細
Huiyang細
Huidong (Daling)細
Dongguan (Qingxi)細
Boluo (Bendihua)細
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)細
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)小
Heyuan (Bendihua)細
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)細
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)細
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)細
Shaoguan (Qujiang)細
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)細
Conghua (Lütian)細
Jiexi細
Changting細
Wuping細
Wuping (Pingyu)細
Liancheng細
Ninghua小
Yudu細
Ruijin細
Shicheng細
Shangyou (Shexi)細
Miaoli (N. Sixian)細
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)細
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)細
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)細
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)細
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)細
Hong Kong細
Beiliu (Tang'an)小
Mashan (Pianlian)細
Senai (Huiyang)細
HuizhouJixi小
JinTaiyuan小
Min BeiJian'ou小
Min DongFuzhou嫩, 細
Changle嫩
Fuqing嫩
Yongtai嫩
Gutian嫩
Fu'an嫩
Ningde嫩
Shouning嫩
Zhouning細
Fuding嫩, 細
Matsu嫩
Min NanXiamen細
Xiamen (Tong'an)細
Quanzhou細
Jinjiang細
Nan'an細
Hui'an細
Anxi細
Yongchun細
Dehua細
Zhangzhou細
Zhangzhou (Longhai)細
Zhangzhou (Changtai)細
Hua'an細
Nanjing細
Pinghe細
Zhangpu細
Yunxiao細
Zhao'an細
Dongshan細
Taipei小, 細
New Taipei (Sanxia)小, 細
Kaohsiung小, 細
Yilan小, 細
Changhua (Lukang)小, 細
Taichung小, 細
Tainan小, 細
Hsinchu小, 細
Kinmen小
Penghu (Magong)小
Penang (Hokkien)細
Singapore (Hokkien)細
Manila (Hokkien)細
Zhangping (Yongfu)細
Pingnan (Shangdu)小
Chaozhou細
Shantou細
Shantou (Chenghai)細
Shantou (Chaoyang)細
Jieyang細
Haifeng細
Bangkok (Teochew)細
Johor Bahru (Teochew)細
Singapore (Teochew)細
Batam (Teochew)細
Pontianak (Teochew)細
Leizhou細
Wenchang細, 孧
Haikou細, 孧
Qionghai孧
Singapore (Hainanese)孧, 細
Puxian MinPutian細
Xianyou細
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)細
Nanning (Shajing)細
Binyang (Xinqiao)細
Northern PinghuaGuilin (Chaoyang)細
Guilin (Zhuyuan)細
Lingchuan (Tanxia)細
WuShanghai小
Shanghai (Chongming)小
Suzhou小
Danyang小
Hangzhou小
Ningbo小
Wenzhou小, 瑣
Jinhua小
XiangChangsha細, 小
Loudi小
Shuangfeng細
Quanzhou小
Guanyang (Wenshi)小
Dialectal synonyms of 細 (“thin; fine; slender”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese細
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)細
MandarinBeijing細
Taiwan細
Jinan細
Xi'an細
Wuhan細
Chengdu細
Yangzhou細
Hefei細
Singapore細
CantoneseGuangzhou幼
Hong Kong幼
Yangjiang細, 嫩
Singapore (Guangfu)幼
GanNanchang細
HakkaMeixian幼, 細
JinTaiyuan細
Min BeiJian'ou細
Min DongFuzhou杪, 幼
Min NanXiamen幼
Tainan幼
Penang (Hokkien)幼
Singapore (Hokkien)幼
Chaozhou幼, 細
Wenchang幼
Haikou幼
WuSuzhou細
Wenzhou細
XiangChangsha細
Shuangfeng細

Antonyms

  • (small): 大 (dà, “large”)
  • (young): 大 (dà, “grown up”)
  • (fine): 粗 (cū, “coarse”)

Compounds

Derived terms from 細

Japanese

Kanji

細

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. thin, fine
  2. slender

Readings

  • Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei)
  • Kun: ほそい (hosoi, 細い, Jōyō); こまかい (komakai, 細かい, Jōyō); ささやか (sasayaka, 細やか); ほそる (hosoru, 細る, Jōyō); こまか (komaka, 細か, Jōyō); くわしい (kuwashī, 細しい)

Compounds

  • 細(さい)菌(きん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
  • 細(さい)部(ぶ) (saibu): details, minor
  • 細(さい)分(ぶん) (saibun): divide into small portions
  • 細(さい)分(ぶん)化(か) (saibunka): fragmentation
  • 細(さい)胞(ぼう) (saibō): cell
  • 細(さい)目(もく) (saimoku): details
  • 繊(せん)細(さい) (sensai): delicate, sensitive

Korean

Hanja

細 (eumhun 가늘 세 (ganeul se))

  1. Hanja form? of 세 (“thin”).

Vietnamese

Han character

細: Hán Nôm readings: tế

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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