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单词 紫
释义

紫

紫 U+7D2B, 紫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D2B
← 紪
[U+7D2A]		CJK Unified Ideographs紬 →
[U+7D2C]

Translingual

Han character

紫 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜心女戈火 (YPVIF), four-corner 21903, composition ⿱此糸)

References

  • KangXi: page 919, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27337
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1350, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3392, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7D2B

Chinese

trad.紫
simp. #紫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 紫
Spring and AutumnWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
些*saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs
跐*ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ
柴*zreː
祡*zreː
茈*zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze
眦*zreːs
砦*zraːds
寨*zraːds, *slɯːɡ
啙*ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ
泚*sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ
玼*sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze
皉*sʰeːʔ
鮆*zeːʔ, *ʔse
眥*zeːs, *zes
貲*ʔse
髭*ʔse
頾*ʔse
訾*ʔse, *ʔseʔ
鴜*ʔse, *ze
鈭*ʔse, *sʰe
姕*ʔse, *sʰe, *ze
觜*ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ
紫*ʔseʔ
訿*ʔseʔ
呰*ʔseʔ
嘴*ʔseʔ
雌*sʰe
此*sʰeʔ
佌*sʰeʔ, *seʔ
庛*sʰes
疵*ze
骴*ze, *zes
胔*ze, *zes
飺*ze
齜*ʔsre

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseʔ) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 糸.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zǐ (zi3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): zi3
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zi2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): du2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): zi3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zi3
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zi2
  • Min Bei (KCR): cǔ
  • Min Dong (BUC): ciē
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chí / chú / chír
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zi2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zr3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zǐ
      • Zhuyin: ㄗˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zǐh
      • Wade–Giles: tzŭ3
      • Yale: dž
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyy
      • Palladius: цзы (czy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zi2
      • Yale: jí
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
      • Guangdong Romanization: ji2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: du2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: zi3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́
      • Hakka Romanization System: zii`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: zi3
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: zi3
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩³¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zi2
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǔ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciē
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sie³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
      • Tâi-lô: tsí
      • Phofsit Daibuun: cie
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chú
      • Tâi-lô: tsú
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zuo
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chír
      • Tâi-lô: tsír
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • chí - vernacular;
    • chú/chír - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zi2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tsr (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zr3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁴¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡siᴇX/
Rime
Character紫
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)精 (13)
Final (韻)支 (11)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie將此切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡siᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡siɛX/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡sjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/t͡siə̆X/
Li
Rong		/t͡sieX/
Wang
Li		/t͡sǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡sie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zi2
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔseʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character紫
Reading #1/1
No.1712
Phonetic
component		此
Rime
group		支
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		紫
Old
Chinese		/*ʔseʔ/

Definitions

紫

  1. purple; violet; dark pink (combination of red and blue colours)
  2. a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 紫

Japanese

Kanji

紫

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: むらさき (murasaki, 紫, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: あかね (akane); しおり (shiori); さい (sai); ゆかり (yukari)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 紫(し)衣(い) (shii)
  • 紫(し)雲(うん) (shiun)
  • 紫(し)雲(うん)英(えい) (shiun'ei)
  • 紫(し)衣(え) (shie)
  • 紫(し)煙(えん) (shien)
  • 紫(し)苑(おん) (shion), 紫(し)苑(おに) (shioni)
  • 紫(し)外(がい)光(こう) (shigaikō)
  • 紫(し)外(がい)線(せん) (shigaisen, “ultraviolet rays”)
  • 紫(し)根(こん), 紫(し)紺(こん) (shikon)
  • 紫(し)蘇(そ) (shiso)
  • 紫(し)檀(たん) (shitan)
  • 紫(し)竹(ちく) (shichiku)
  • 紫(し)電(でん) (shiden)
  • 紫(し)斑(はん) (shihan)
  • 紫(し)陽(よう)花(か) (shiyōka)
  • 紅(こう)紫(し) (kōshi)
  • 青(せい)紫(し) (seishi)
  • 滅(めっ)紫(し) (messhi)
  • 紫陽花(アジサイ) (ajisai)
  • 紫雲英(ゲンゲ) (genge)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
紫
むらさき
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) +‎ 咲き (saki, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) むら​さき [mùráꜜsàkì] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
    • IPA(key): [mɯ̟ᵝɾa̠sa̠kʲi]

Noun

紫(むらさき) • (murasaki) 

  1. the purple or red-root gromwell, Lithospermum erythrorhizon
    • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 17, poem 867)
      紫(むらさき)のひともと故(ゆゑ)に武(む)蔵(さし)野(の)の草(くさ)はみながらあはれとぞ見(み)る
      murasaki no hitomoto yue ni Musashino no kusa wa minagara aware to zo miru
      Because of one shoot of murasaki grass, I feel fondness for all the plants and grasses on the plain of Musashino.[2]
    Synonym: 紫草 (murasakisō)
  2. the root of the murasaki used as a natural dye
  3. Short for 紫色 (murasaki-iro): the color purple
  4. (colloquial, from its purplish color) Synonym of 醤油 (shōyu): soy sauce
  5. (colloquial) a woman
  6. (archaic women's speech) Synonym of 鰯 (iwashi): a sardine, especially the Japanese pilchard, Sardinops sagax
  7. (historical, from being allowed to wear purple clothing) Synonym of 検校 (kengyō): the highest ranked blind court official
Coordinate terms
Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ) (iro) (layout · text)
     白(しろ) (shiro)     灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro),
鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated)		     黒(くろ) (kuro)
             赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku),
クリムゾン (kurimuzon),
紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro),
紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro),
茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akaneiro)		             オレンジ (orenji),
橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo),
褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku)		             黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro)
             黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori)             緑(みどり) (midori),
青(あお) (ao) (dated)		             若緑(わかみどり) (wakamidori)
             シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の羽色(はねいろ) (kamo no hane iro)             水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro)             青(あお) (ao)
             菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro),
インジゴ (injigo)		             マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki)             ピンク (pinku),
桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 紫(むらさき)の (murasaki no, pillow word)
  • 紫(むらさき)色(いろ) (murasaki-iro)
  • 紫(むらさき)式(しき)部(ぶ) (Murasaki Shikibu)
  • 紫(むらさき)草(そう) (murasakisō)
  • 紫(むらさき)野(の) (murasakino)
  • 青(あお)紫(むらさき) (aomurasaki)
  • 赤(あか)紫(むらさき) (akamurasaki)
  • 浅(あさ)紫(むらさき) (asamurasaki)
  • 今(いま)紫(むらさき) (ima murasaki)
  • 薄(うす)紫(むらさき) (usumurasaki)
  • 内(うち)紫(むらさき) (uchimurasaki)
  • 江戸紫(えどむらさき) (Edo murasaki)
  • 大(オオ)紫(ムラサキ) (ōmurasaki)
  • 京(きょう)紫(むらさき) (kyō-murasaki)
  • 滅(けし)紫(むらさき) (keshimurasaki)
  • 小(こ)紫(むらさき) (komurasaki)
  • 濃(こ)紫(むらさき) (komurasaki)
  • 古(こ)代(だい)紫(むらさき) (kodai murasaki)
  • 蔓(ツル)紫(ムラサキ) (tsurumurasaki)
  • 深(ふか)紫(むらさき) (fukamurasaki)
  • 藤(ふじ)紫(むらさき) (fujimurasaki)
  • 藪(ヤブ)紫(ムラサキ) (yabumurasaki)
  • 若(わか)紫(むらさき) (wakamurasaki)
See also
  • 茜(あかね)さす (akane sasu, pillow word that can be an allusion to murasaki)

Proper noun

紫(むらさき) • (Murasaki) 

  1. (historical, colloquial, from 江戸紫 (Edo murasaki, “royal purple”), where the dye is traditionally made in) Edo, the de facto capital of the Tokugawa shogunate
  2. (colloquial) Short for 紫式部 (Murasaki Shikibu): Heian-period novelist and lady-in-waiting
  3. (colloquial, by extension) Synonym of 源氏物語 (Genji Monogatari): The Tale of Genji
  4. a female given name
  5. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
紫
し
Grade: S
on’yomi

/si/ → /ɕi/

From Middle Chinese 紫 (MC t͡siᴇX).

Also used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨si⟩.

Affix

紫(し) • (shi) 

  1. purple

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
紫
ゆかり
Grade: S
nanori

From 縁 (yukari, “affinity, connection”).

Proper noun

紫(ゆかり) • (Yukari) 

  1. a female given name

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. H. Mack Horton (2002) Song in an Age of Discord: 'The Journal of Sōchō' and Poetic Life in Late Medieval Japan, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 333

Korean

Hanja

紫 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Etymology

Related to Japanese 紫 (murasaki, “purple”)

Noun

紫 (hiragana むらさち, rōmaji murasachi)

  1. the color purple

Old Japanese

Etymology

Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) +‎ 咲き (saki1, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

紫 (murasaki1) (kana むらさき)

  1. the purple or red-root gromwell, Lithospermum erythrorhizon
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3500), text here
      牟良佐伎波根乎可母乎布流比等乃兒能宇良我奈之家乎祢乎遠敝奈久尓
      murasaki1 pa ne wo ka mo wopuru pi1to2 no2 ko1 no2 ura-ganasike1 wo ne wo wope1naku ni
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. the color purple
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 12, poem 2976), text here
      紫我下紐乃色尓不出戀可毛将痩相因乎無見
      murasaki1 no2 waga sitabi1mo no2 iro2 ni idezu ko1pi2 ka mo yasemu apu yo2si wo nami1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

  • 紫の (murasaki1 no2, pillow word)
  • 紫野 (murasaki1no1)

Descendants

  • Japanese: 紫 (むらさき, murasaki)

See also

  • 茜さす (akane sasu, pillow word that can be an allusion to murasaki1)

Vietnamese

Han character

紫: Hán Nôm readings: tử, tía

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
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