紅毛
See also: 红毛
Chinese
red; revolutionary; prosperity red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular | hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (紅毛) | 紅 | 毛 | |
simp. (红毛) | 红 | 毛 |
Pronunciation
Noun
紅毛
- red hair (on animals)
- (derogatory, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, chiefly Hokkien and Teochew) red-haired person; (by extension) Caucasian person; white person; ang moh
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 西方人 (“Westerner; Caucasian”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 西方人, 西洋人, 洋人, 白人, 白種人 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 老外, 毛子 |
Taiwan | 洋人, 西洋人, 白人, 老外 | |
Jinan | 洋人, 洋鬼子 | |
Wanrong | 洋人 | |
Xi'an | 洋人 | |
Lanzhou | 洋人 | |
Wuhan | 洋人, 高鼻子 | |
Liuzhou | 番鬼佬 | |
Nanjing | 洋鬼子 | |
Singapore | 洋人, 外國佬 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 西人, 老西, 老番, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 鬼子佬, 紅毛頭, 紅毛 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated |
Hong Kong | 西人, 白人, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 老番 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated, 白鬼 dated | |
Macau | 鬼佬 | |
Taishan | 老番, 番鬼佬 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 老番, 番鬼, 番鬼佬, 紅毛 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鬼佬 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 鬼佬 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 洋人 |
Lichuan | 洋人 | |
Pingxiang | 洋人 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 番人, 番鬼仔 |
Yudu | 洋人 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 洋人, 西洋人, 鉤鼻公, 紅毛番 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 西洋人, 紅毛番 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 番仔, 阿啄仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的 |
Quanzhou | 番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的 | |
Zhangzhou | 番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的 | |
Kaohsiung | 紅毛仔 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 阿啄仔 | |
Taichung | 啄鼻仔 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿啄仔 | |
Tainan | 西洋儂, 阿啄仔, 啄鼻仔 | |
Taitung | 阿啄仔 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 紅毛, 紅毛猴 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 紅毛, 紅毛儂, 紅毛猴 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 西方人, 西洋儂 | |
Shantou | 番儂, 紅毛囝, 番囝 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 紅毛, 紅毛儂 | |
Leizhou | 鉤鼻鬼 | |
Haikou | 番鬼, 紅毛, 高鼻綠目, 高鼻塌目 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 洋人 |
Wenzhou | 番人, 高鼻頭 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 紅毛洋人, 洋人子, 洋人 |
Derived terms
Derived terms from 紅毛
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Descendants
- → English: ang moh, angmoh, ang mo
- → Thai: อั้งม้อ (âng-mɔ́ɔ), อั้งม่อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ), อั้งหม้อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ)
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
紅 | 毛 |
こう Grade: 6 | もう Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Possibly coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 紅 (kō, “red, crimson”) + 毛 (mō, “hair”).
Alternatively, possibly from Middle Chinese compound 紅毛 (MC ɦuŋ mɑu).
Compare modern Mandarin 紅毛 (hóngmáo).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) こーもー [kòómóó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ːmo̞ː]
Noun
紅毛 • (kōmō)
- red hair
- Synonym: (more general term for a redhead) 赤毛 (akage)
- during the Edo period, an epithet for the Dutch, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
- in modern times, an epithet for Westerners or Europeans
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 紅毛画 (こうもうが, kōmōga): during the Edo period, western pictures that were imported into Japan through Dutch-controlled Nagasaki; those Japanese-produced pictures that were influenced by western artwork
- 紅毛人 (こうもうじん, kōmōjin): during the Edo period, an epithet for a Dutch person, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
- 紅毛船 (こうもうせん, kōmōsen): an epithet for European trading ships that visited Japan in the late 1600s, primarily from the Netherlands, contrasting with the term 南蛮船 (nanbansen, literally “Southern barbarian ship”) used for ships from Spain and Portugal
- 紅毛碧眼 (こうもうへきがん, kōmō hekigan): literally “red hair, blue eyes” → a Westerner
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
紅 | 毛 |
Grade: 6 | Grade: 2 |
irregular |
By extension from the red hair meaning being applied to the Dutch, used as jukujikun (熟字訓) for オランダ (Oranda, “Holland”).[4]
Pronunciation
- Kan’yōyomi
- (Tokyo) オランダ [òráńdá] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [o̞ɾã̠nda̠]
Proper noun
紅毛 • (Oranda)
- (obsolete) Holland, the Netherlands
Usage notes
This reading was used primarily during the Edo period, and has since fallen out of use.
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan