粘

See also: 黏

粘	U+7C98, 粘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C98

← 粗
[U+7C97]

CJK Unified Ideographs

粙 →
[U+7C99]

Translingual

Han character

粘 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火木卜口 (FDYR), four-corner 9196₀, composition ⿰米占)

Derived characters

𦟶, 𬖭, 𬖷, 𫃔, 𭟀, 𭲲, 𬗀

References

KangXi: page 907, character 40
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26901
Dae Jaweon: page 1334, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3144, character 12
Unihan data for U+7C98

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	ɦlaːm, hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	rteːm, rdeːms, teːm, tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	slem, ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	tem, teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	tems, tʰem
鉆	tʰem, ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	ʔljem, tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	tjems, teːm
苫	hljem, hljems
痁	hljem, teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	teːmʔ, teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	tiːms, tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	teːb, tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nem) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – glutinous, sticky rice.

Etymology 1

trad.		粘
simp. ^#		粘

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhān (zhan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җан (žan, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): nim¹, nim⁴, zim¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chiam / liâm
(Teochew, Peng'im): liam¹ / niam¹ / niang¹ / liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵ / ziam¹ / ziang¹
Wu (Wiktionary): 'nyi (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
  - Wade–Giles: chan¹
  - Yale: jān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җан (žan, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: nim¹, nim⁴, zim¹
  - Yale: nīm, nìhm, jīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nim¹, nim⁴, dzim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nim¹, nim⁴, jim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːm⁵⁵/, /niːm²¹/, /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
  - Tâi-lô: tsiam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
  - Tâi-lô: liâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
  - IPA (Taipei): /liam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/

Note:

chiam/liâm - literary;
chiam - vernacular (Zhangzhou).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liam¹ / niam¹ / niang¹ / liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵ / ziam¹ / ziang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liam / niam / niang / liâm / niâm / niâng / tsiam / tsiang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam³³/, /niam³³/, /niaŋ³³/, /liam⁵⁵/, /niam⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siam³³/, /t͡siaŋ³³/

Note:

liam1/liam5/ziam1 - Chaozhou;
niam1/niam5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
niang1/niang5/ziang1 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: 'nyi (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʔn̠ʲi⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /ɳˠiᴇm/

Rime
Character	粘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	女廉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳˠiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳᵚiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/niæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳjiam/
Li Rong	/njɛm/
Wang Li	/nĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ni̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nim⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*nem/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	粘
Reading #	1/1
No.	16699
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	黏
Old Chinese	/*nem/

Definitions

粘

to adhere; to stick
a surname

Compounds

惹草粘花
沾粘
粘板岩
粘稠
粘竿

粘花惹絮
粘花惹草
粘著 (niánzhuó)
粘皮帶骨／粘皮带骨
粘補／粘补

粘貼／粘贴 (zhāntiē)
粘連／粘连 (zhānlián)
腸粘連／肠粘连
飯粘／饭粘

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 粘 – see 黏 (“sticky; glutinous; to adhere; to stick”). (This character, 粘, is a variant form of 黏.)

References

“粘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

粘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

sticky, glutinous
to stick to, to cling to
to persevere

Readings

Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)^{←ねん (nen, historical)}^{←ねむ (nemu, ancient)}
Kan-on: でん (den)^{←でん (den, historical)}^{←でむ (demu, ancient)}
Kun: ねばる (nebaru, 粘る, Jōyō)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 념 (nyeom) based on Middle Chinese 粘 (MC ɳˠiᴇm).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 념 (Yale: nyem) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
Phonetic hangul: [점]

Hanja

Wikisource粘 (eumhun 붙을 점 (buteul jeom))

Hanja form^? of 점 (“sticky”).

Compounds

점막 (粘膜, jeommak)
점토 (粘土, jeomto)
점도 (粘度, jeomdo)
점성 (粘性, jeomseong)
점질 (粘質, jeomjil)
점착 (粘着, jeomchak)
점체 (粘體, jeomche)
점괴 (粘塊, jeomgoe)
점착제 (粘着劑, jeomchakje)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

粘: Hán Nôm readings: niêm, chiêm, dính

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