策

See also: 筞

策	U+7B56, 策 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B56

← 筕
[U+7B55]

CJK Unified Ideographs

筗 →
[U+7B57]

Translingual

Han character

策 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木月 (HDB), four-corner 8890₂, composition ⿱⺮朿)

Derived characters

憡, 㩍, 𣽤, 𭬂, 鏼, 𢿸, 𥴹

Related characters

筞 (Variant form)

References

KangXi: page 883, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26009
Dae Jaweon: page 1312, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2963, character 9
Unihan data for U+7B56

Chinese

trad.		策
simp. ^#		策
alternative forms		筞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
債	ʔsreːɡs, ʔsreːɡ
積	ʔseɡs, ʔseɡ
刺	sʰeɡs, sʰeɡ
莿	sʰeːɡs, raːds
刾	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	zraːd, zreːɡ
嘖	ʔsraːɡ, ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	sreːɡ, sʰloːɡ, sloːɡ, l̥ʰoɡ
捒	sreːɡ, sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	ʔsreːɡ, sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	sʰreːɡ, kreːb, *keːb
拺	sʰreːɡ, sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	zreːɡ, ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰreːɡ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cè (ce⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄘㄜˋ
(Chengdu, SP): ce²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): caak³
(Taishan, Wiktionary): cak²
Gan (Wiktionary): cet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhet
(Meixian, Guangdong): cêd⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): cah⁴
Min Bei (KCR): chă̤
Min Dong (BUC): cháik / cháh
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiak / chhek
(Teochew, Peng'im): cêh⁴ / ciah⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): tshaq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ce⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cè
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cè
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻê⁴
  - Yale: tsè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tseh
  - Palladius: цэ (cɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ce²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ce
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: caak³
  - Yale: chaak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: cag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cak²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰak̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhet
  - Hakka Romanization System: ced`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ced⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰet̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cêd⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɛt̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰaʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chă̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cháik / cháh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaiʔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɑʔ²⁴/

Note:

cháik - literary;
cháh - vernacular.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cêh⁴ / ciah⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheh / tshiah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰeʔ²/, /t͡sʰiaʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tshaq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa̱ʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ce⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤ̞²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 策
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰə²¹³/ /ʈ͡ʂʰei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰə⁵⁵/ /ʈ͡ʂʰe⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰei²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sʰɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰɤ²¹³/ /t͡sʰei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰe³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰə³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰəʔ⁵/ /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɛʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰa⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰə²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰet̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰak̚³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰak̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰak̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sʰaiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰeʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/sek̚⁵/ /sɛ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰˠɛk̚/

Rime
Character	策
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	耕 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	楚革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	che
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ](ˤ)rek/
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	策
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cè
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ](ˁ)rek/
English	tablet, record
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	策
Reading #	1/1
No.	1765
Phonetic component	朿
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	策
Old Chinese	/*sʰreːɡ/

Definitions

策

plan; scheme; strategy
(literary) to plan; to scheme
^† to calculate; to estimate
(historical) bamboo or wooden strips used for writing on in ancient China
Synonyms: 冊／册 (cè), 簡策／简策, 簡冊／简册 (jiǎncè)
(historical) a kind of emperor's edict
(historical) a type of essay in ancient China, used in imperial examinations where questions on political or economic affairs were set
(historical) a kind of computing tool in ancient China, on which the multiplication table was written for multiplication, division or extracting the square root during the Qing dynasty
(historical) spur
(literary) to spur; to whip; to urge with a horsewhip
^† to drive; to urge
^† number; value
(literary) cane; walking stick
^† to lean on; to rest on support
(calligraphy) upward horizontal stroke (the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong)
(Chinese astronomy) Gamma Cassiopeiae
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 策

上策 (shàngcè)
下策 (xiàcè)
中策 (zhōngcè)
人口政策
先策
公共政策 (gōnggòng zhèngcè)
典策
出此下策
利率政策
制策
和解政策
失策 (shīcè)
奇策
妙策 (miàocè)
姑息政策
定策
射策
愚民政策 (yúmín zhèngcè)
手策 (shǒucè)
扶策
投策
振策
排外政策
政策 (zhèngcè)
政策分析
方策 (fāngcè)
杖策
殖民政策
治安策
焦土政策 (jiāotǔ zhèngcè)
玄策
白澳政策
督策
策勒 (Cèlè)
策反 (cèfǎn)
策名
策命
策士 (cèshì)
策文 (cèwén)
策望

策杖 (cèzhàng)
策源地 (cèyuándì)
策略 (cèlüè)
策立
策策
策蹇
群策群力
良策 (liángcè)
警策
鞭策 (biāncè)
乘堅策肥／乘坚策肥
冒進政策／冒进政策
出謀劃策／出谋划策 (chūmóuhuàcè)
出謀獻策／出谋献策
劃策／划策
勞工政策／劳工政策
南進政策／南进政策 (nánjìn zhèngcè)
國策／国策 (guócè)
國策顧問／国策顾问
基本國策／基本国策
大陸政策／大陆政策
奇謀異策／奇谋异策
孫策／孙策
對空策／对空策
對策／对策 (duìcè)
工業政策／工业政策
戰國策／战国策 (Zhànguócè)
挑包策馬／挑包策马
搏手無策／搏手无策
政策執行／政策执行
教戰守策／教战守策
書策／书策
束手無策／束手无策 (shùshǒuwúcè)
決策／决策 (juécè)
決策千里／决策千里
無策／无策 (wúcè)
獻策／献策 (xiàncè)
畫策／画策 (huàcè)
畫策設謀／画策设谋
發策／发策

發策決科／发策决科
社會政策／社会政策 (shèhuì zhèngcè)
神機妙策／神机妙策
神術妙策／神术妙策
神謀妙策／神谋妙策
策劃／策划 (cèhuà)
策動／策动 (cèdòng)
策勛／策勋
策勵／策励 (cèlì)
策問／策问
策應／策应 (cèyìng)
策書／策书
策畫／策画
策試／策试
策論／策论 (cèlùn)
策謀／策谋
策進／策进
策馬／策马 (cèmǎ)
算無遺策／算无遗策 (suànwúyícè)
簡策楮墨／简策楮墨
籌策／筹策
萬全之策／万全之策
裹糧策馬／裹粮策马
計策／计策 (jìcè)
詔策／诏策
謀無遺策／谋无遗策
財政政策／财政政策 (cáizhèng zhèngcè)
貨幣政策／货币政策 (huòbì zhèngcè)
資策會／资策会
贈策／赠策
走為上策／走为上策 (zǒuwéishàngcè)
遺策／遗策
長策／长策 (chángcè)
關稅政策／关税政策
陳策樓／陈策楼 (Chéncèlóu)
風流策／风流策
馬策／马策
駝鳥政策／驼鸟政策
驅策／驱策
龜策／龟策

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (策):

→ Japanese: 策(さく) (saku)

References

“策”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

策

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

scheme; plan; policy; step; means

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō)
Kun: ふだ (fuda, 策); ふみ (fumi); むち (muchi, 策); つえ (tsue, 策); かずとり (kazutori); はかりごと (hakarigoto, 策)
Nanori: かず (kazu); つか (tsuka); もり (mori)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
策
さく Grade: 6
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 策

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) さく [sàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
(Tokyo) さく [sáꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

策(さく) • (saku)

plan; policy
正(しょう)直(じき)は決(けっ)して最(さい)上(じょう)の策(さく)ではない。
Shōjiki wa kesshite saijō no saku de wa nai.
Honesty is never the best policy.
the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong

Hypernyms

永(えい)字(じ)八(はっ)法(ぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Coordinate terms

側(そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
勒(ろく) (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
掠(りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
啄(たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
磔(たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Derived terms

策(さく)を講(こう)ずる (saku o kōzuru)
策(さく)を施(ほどこ)す (saku o hodokosu)

Suffix

策(さく) • (-saku)

plan, policy

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

策 • (chaek) (hangeul 책, revised chaek, McCune–Reischauer ch'aek, Yale chayk)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

策: Hán Nôm readings: sách

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN