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单词 筆
释义

筆

See also: 笔
筆 U+7B46, 筆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B46
← 筅
[U+7B45]		CJK Unified Ideographs筇 →
[U+7B47]

Translingual

Japanese筆
Simplified笔
Traditional筆
Stroke order

Han character

筆 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹中手 (HLQ), four-corner 88507, composition ⿱𥫗聿)

References

  • KangXi: page 882, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25987
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1310, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2970, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7B46



Chinese

trad.筆
simp.笔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (聿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
筆*prud
潷*prud
硉*ruːd
律*rud
葎*b·rud
聿*b·lud
銉*lud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prud) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 聿 (OC *b·lud, “writing brush”) – a hand holding a brush 聿. The bamboo (竹) refers to the material of traditional Chinese brushes.

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ris (“to draw; picture”) or *rit (“to draw; boundary”) (STEDT). Related to 聿 (OC *b·lud).

Benedict (1972) surmises that this might ultimately be a loan from Austro-Tai into Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Austronesian *bulut (“hairy filaments of certain plants, husk”) (> Cebuano bulut).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): bǐ (bi3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): bi2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): би (bi, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): bat1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bit2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): bit6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pit
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bid5
  • Jin (Wiktionary): bieh4
  • Min Bei (KCR): bĭ
  • Min Dong (BUC): bék
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): pit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): big4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): piq (T4)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): bi6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ
      • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ
      • Wade–Giles: pi3
      • Yale: bǐ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bii
      • Palladius: би (bi)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: bi2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: би (bi, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Note: rare.
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: bat1
      • Yale: bāt
      • Cantonese Pinyin: bat7
      • Guangdong Romanization: bed1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pɐt̚⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: bit2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pit̚⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: bit6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pit̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit
      • Hakka Romanization System: bid`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: bid5
      • Sinological IPA: /pit̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: bid5
      • Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: bieh4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: bék
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pɛiʔ²⁴/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit
      • Tâi-lô: pit
      • Phofsit Daibuun: pid
      • IPA (Xiamen): /pit̚³²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /pit̚⁵/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚³²/
      • IPA (Taipei): /pit̚³²/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pit̚³²/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: big4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pik
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pik̚²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: piq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: bi6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pi²⁴/
  • Middle Chinese: /pˠiɪt̚/
Rime
Character筆
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)
Final (韻)眞 (49)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie鄙密切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pˠiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/pᵚit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/piet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/pjit̚/
Li
Rong		/pjĕt̚/
Wang
Li		/pĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/pi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		bi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		bat1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.[r]ut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*prud/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character筆
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		bǐ
Middle
Chinese		‹ pit ›
Old
Chinese		/*p.[r]ut/ (borrowed as *prut from Qín dialect)
Englishwriting brush

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character筆
Reading #1/1
No.15975
Phonetic
component		聿
Rime
group		物
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		筆
Old
Chinese		/*prud/

Definitions

筆

  1. writing brush
  2. (countable) pen; pencil (Classifier: 支; 把 md)
    你有筆嗎？記一下這個電話號碼。 [MSC, trad.]
    你有笔吗？记一下这个电话号码。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yǒu bǐ ma? Jì yīxià zhè ge diànhuà hàomǎ. [Pinyin]
    Do you have a pen to write this phone number?
  3. † to write; to compose
  4. Classifier for writing or drawing: stroke (of Chinese characters, in a painting, etc.)
    你這個字寫錯了，這裡少了一筆。 [MSC, trad.]
    你这个字写错了，这里少了一笔。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhè ge zì xiě cuò le, zhèlǐ shào le yī bǐ. [Pinyin]
    The character you have miswritten lacks one stroke here.
  5. Classifier for sums of money and deals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    我會儘早把這筆錢還給你。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会尽早把这笔钱还给你。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì jǐnzǎo bǎ zhè bǐ qián huán gěi nǐ. [Pinyin]
    I will return the money as soon as possible.

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 筆 (“pen; pencil”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese筆
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)筆
MandarinYantai (Muping)筆
Wanrong筆
Xi'an筆
Yinchuan筆
Xining筆
Ürümqi筆
Wuhan筆
Guiyang筆
Guilin筆
Binyang (Nanjie)筆
Yangzhou筆
Singapore筆
Dagudi (Maliba)筆
Reshuitang (Longling)筆
Mae Salong (Lancang)筆
Mae Sai (Tengchong)筆
CantoneseGuangzhou筆
Hong Kong筆
Taishan (Guanghai)筆
Dongguan筆
Beihai筆
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)筆
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)筆
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)筆
Ipoh (Guangfu)筆
Singapore (Guangfu)筆
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)筆
Móng Cái筆
Mandalay (Taishan)筆
GanNanchang筆
Lichuan筆
Pingxiang筆
HakkaMeixian筆
Jiexi筆
Miaoli (N. Sixian)筆
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)筆
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)筆
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)筆
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)筆
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)筆
HuizhouJixi筆
JinTaiyuan筆
Xinzhou筆
Min BeiJian'ou筆
Min DongFuzhou筆
Min NanXiamen筆
Taipei筆 GT
Penang (Hokkien)筆
Singapore (Hokkien)筆
Singapore (Teochew)筆
Haikou筆
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)筆
WuShanghai筆
Shanghai (Chongming)筆
Suzhou筆
Danyang筆
Hangzhou筆
Xiangshan筆
Wenzhou筆
Jinhua筆
Yiwu筆
XiangChangsha筆
Xiangxiang筆
Loudi筆
NoteGT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 筆 (“(classifier for sums of money)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)筆
MandarinBeijing筆
Tianjin筆
Chengde筆
Tangshan筆
Cangzhou筆
Baoding筆
Shijiazhuang筆
Chifeng筆
Hulunbuir (Hailar)筆
Heihe筆
Qiqihar筆
Harbin筆
Jiamusi筆
Baicheng筆
Changchun筆
Tonghua筆
Shenyang筆
Dandong筆
Jinzhou筆
Dalian筆
Yantai筆
Yantai (Muping)筆
Qingdao筆
Lijin筆
Zhucheng筆
Jinan筆
Jining筆
Luoyang筆
Shangqiu筆
Yuanyang筆
Zhengzhou筆
Lingbao筆
Xinyang筆
Baihe筆
Hanzhong筆
Xi'an筆
Baoji筆
Yinchuan筆
Tianshui筆
Lanzhou筆
Dunhuang筆
Xining筆
Hami筆
Ürümqi筆
Wuhan筆
Yichang筆
Xiangyang筆
Tianmen筆
Hong'an筆
Chengdu筆
Nanchong筆
Dazhou筆
Hanyuan筆
Xichang筆
Zigong筆
Chongqing筆
Guiyang筆
Zunyi筆
Bijie筆
Liping筆
Zhaotong筆
Dali筆
Kunming筆
Mengzi筆
Guilin筆
Pingle筆
Liuzhou筆
Luzhai筆
Nanning (Fujian)匹
Nanning (Wuming)筆
Binyang (Nanjie)筆
Yizhou筆
Luocheng (Dongmen)筆
Tianlin (Langping)筆
Jishou筆
Changde筆
Yongzhou筆
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)筆
Anqing筆
Xuzhou筆
Fuyang筆
Wuhu筆
Yangzhou筆
Lianyungang筆
Lianshui筆
Nanjing筆
Hefei筆
Nantong筆
CantoneseHong Kong筆
Dongguan筆
Wuzhou筆
Baise筆
Qinzhou筆
GanNanchang筆
Lichuan筆
Pingxiang筆
HakkaMeixian筆
HuizhouJixi筆
Shexian筆
Shexian (Daguyun)筆
JinTaiyuan筆
Yangyuan筆
Datong筆
Xinzhou筆
Lishi筆
Linfen筆
Changzhi筆
Linhe筆
Jining筆
Hohhot筆
Erenhot筆
Pingshan筆
Zhangjiakou筆
Handan筆
Linzhou筆
Suide筆
Min BeiJian'ou筆
Min DongFuzhou筆
Min NanGuilin (Biyange)筆
Haikou筆
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)筆
WuShanghai筆
Shanghai (Chongming)筆
Danyang筆
Hangzhou筆
Ningbo筆
Xiangshan筆
Wenzhou筆
Jinhua筆
Yiwu筆
XiangLoudi筆

Compounds

Derived terms from 筆

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (筆):
  • → Japanese: 筆(ひつ) (hitsu)
  • → Korean: 필(筆) (pil)
  • → Vietnamese: bút (筆)

Others

  • → Buryat: ᠪᠢᠷ (bir) / биирэ (biire)
  • → Khmer: ពិត (pɨt, “small Chinese-style writing brush”)
  • → Korean: 붓 (but, “writing brush”)
  • → Proto-Be: *ɓitᴰ¹
    • Lingao: bit⁷, bɔt⁷'
  • → Manchu: ᡶᡳ (fi, “brush”), ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ (bithe, “book”), ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝᠰᡳ (bithesi, “scribe”)
    • → Chinese: 筆帖式／笔帖式 (bǐtièshì, “scribe during the Qing Dynasty”)
    • → Nivkh: питғы (pitꜧə)
  • → Tibetan: པིར (pir, “writing brush, pen”)
    • → Mongolian: ᠪᠢᠷ (bir) / бийр (biir)
  • → Proto-Turkic: *biti-
    • Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃‎ (b²it²i /biti-/, “to write”)
    • → Mongolian: ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ (bičikü) / бичих (bičix, “to write”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bitig
      • → Hungarian: betű
      • Oghur:
        • Chuvash: пӗтӳ (pĕt̬ü, “amulet”)
      • Common Turkic: *bitig, *bitik
      • Oghuz:
        • Proto-Oghuz: *bitig, *bitik
          • Old Anatolian Turkish: بِتى‎ (biti, “letter, written document”)
            • Azerbaijani: bitik (archaic)
            • Ottoman Turkish: بتى‎ (biti, “letter, written document; memory (literature); bill, document”)
              • Turkish: biti (“letter, post; amulet; notebook; book; forme; amulet; credentials, document, compass, licence; clerk”) (dialectal)
          • Salar: bitik
      • Karluk:
        • Karakhanid: بِتِكٔ‎ (bitig, bitik)
          • Khorezmian Turkic:
            • → Bulgar: بطك‎ (bitik)
            • Chagatai:
              • Uyghur: بېتىك‎ (bëtik)
      • Kipchak:
        • Kipchak: بتو‎ (bitüv, bitiv), بتی‎ (biti), بتك‎ (bitik)[1]
        • North Kipchak:
          • Bashkir: бетеү (betew, “amulet”)
          • Tatar: бөти (böti, “letter, amulet”)
        • West Kipchak:
          • Karaim: битик (bitik)
          • Kumyk: битик (bitik, “amulet”)
        • South Kipchak:
          • Caspian:
            • Kazakh: бітік (bıtık, “letter, scripture”)
      • Siberian:
        • Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏‎ (b²it²g /bitig/)
          • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bitig)
            • Western Yugur: [script needed] (pïʰtïɣ, “book”)
      • → Mongolian: бичиг (bičig)
        • → Kyrgyz: бичик (biçik, “book of Kalmyk”)
        • → Southern Altai: бичик (bičik, “book”)
        • → Khakas: пічік (pìçìk, “book”)
        • → Shor: пичик (“script, alphabet”)
        • → Tuvan: бижик (bijik)
        • → Yakut: бичик (biçik)
  • → Vietnamese: viết (“to write”)
  • → Zhuang: bit

References

  • “筆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • “Entry #8842”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

筆

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: ひち (hichi)
  • Kan-on: ひつ (hitsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ふで (fude, 筆, Jōyō); ふんで (funde, 筆); ふみて (fumite, 筆)
  • Nanori: くし (kushi)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 執筆(しっぴつ) (shippitsu)
  • 筆記(ひっき) (hikki)
  • 筆順(ひつじゅん) (hitsujun)
  • 筆跡(ひっせき) (hisseki)
  • 筆脈(ひつみゃく) (hitsumyaku)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
筆
ふで
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/fumite/ → /fũnde/ → /fude/

Shift in pronunciation from fumite below,[2] caused by a regular shift where medial み (mi) causes nasalization of the preceding vowel and voicing of the following consonant, with the nasalization reverting in some cases. Now the most common pronunciation in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) ふで [fùdé] (Heiban – [0])[3]
    • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝde̞]

Noun

筆(ふで) • (fude) 

  1. a writing brush, a painting brush, a pen
  2. writing:
    1. the act of writing
    2. something written
    3. handwriting, how someone writes
Usage notes

The pen sense is more commonly expressed using the English-derived term ペン (pen).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
筆
ふんで
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/fumite/ → /fũnde/ → /funde/

Shift in pronunciation from fumite below, caused by a regular shift where medial み (mi) causes nasalization of the preceding vowel and voicing of the following consonant. Listed with this reading in the 観智院 (Kanchi-in) edition of the 11th- or 12th-century 類聚名義抄 (Ruiju Myōgishō) dictionary.[2]

Superseded by the fude reading above in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟̃ᵝnde̞]

Noun

筆(ふんで) • (funde) 

  1. (obsolete) same as for fude above: brush; pen; writing

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
筆
ふみて
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 文 (fumi, “writing”) +‎ 手 (te, “hand”). Appears with this reading in the Man'yōshū, circa 759.

Superseded by the fude reading above in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝmʲite̞]

Noun

筆(ふみて) • (fumite) 

  1. (obsolete) same as for fude above: brush; pen; writing

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
筆
ひつ
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/pitu/ → /fitu/ → /hitu/

From Middle Chinese 筆／笔 ( pit , “writing brush”). Compare modern Hakka and Min Nan pit, Mandarin bǐ.

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Kan’on
    • (Tokyo) ひつ​ [hìtsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3]
    • IPA(key): [çit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

筆(ひつ) • (hitsu) 

  1. a brush, a pen, a writing or drawing implement
  2. the mark made by a brush or pen
  3. writing or drawing with a brush or pen
  4. an allotment of land, such as for agriculture or housing (from the way that a description of the land and the owner would be written down in the survey register)

References

  1. Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 33
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

筆 (eumhun 붓 필 (but pil))

  1. Hanja form? of 필 (“writing brush; to write; stroke”).

Vietnamese

Han character

筆: Hán Nôm readings: bút, viết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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