笛

笛	U+7B1B, 笛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B1B

← 笚
[U+7B1A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

笜 →
[U+7B1C]

Translingual

Han character

笛 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹中田 (HLW), four-corner 8860₃, composition ⿰𥫗由)

References

KangXi: page 879, character 33

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25917

Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 23

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 1

Unihan data for U+7B1B

Chinese

trad.		笛
simp. ^#		笛
alternative forms		篴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袖	*ljɯwɢs
岫	*ljɯwɢs
牰	ljɯwɢs, lɯwɢs
抽	*l̥ʰɯw
妯	l̥ʰɯw, l'ɯwɢ
紬	*l'ɯw
怞	*l'ɯw
鮋	l'ɯw, ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗	*rlɯw
宙	*l'ɯwɢs
胄	*l'ɯwɢs
冑	*l'ɯwɢs
伷	*l'ɯwɢs
駎	*l'ɯwɢs
油	lɯw, lɯwɢs
由	*lɯw
蚰	*lɯw
秞	*lɯw
邮	*lɯw
釉	*lɯwɢs
柚	lɯwɢs, l'ɯwɢ
鼬	*lɯwɢs
苖	l'ɯːwɢ, l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛	*l'ɯːwɢ
迪	*l'ɯːwɢ
頔	*l'ɯːwɢ
軸	*l'ɯwɢ
舳	*l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Etymology

Cognate with 籥 (OC *lowɢ, “bamboo flute”) (Baxter, 1992).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dí (di²)
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ
(Chengdu, SP): di²
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ди (di, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): dek⁶, dek^6-2
(Taishan, Wiktionary): iak⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): liah⁷ / tit⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tha̍k / thi̍t
(Meixian, Guangdong): tag⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): dieh⁵
Min Bei (KCR): dĭ
Min Dong (BUC): dĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ta̍t / ti̍h / tî / te̍k / tia̍k
(Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): diq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): di⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dí
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dí
  - Wade–Giles: ti²
  - Yale: dí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
  - Palladius: ди (di)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: di²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: di
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ди (di, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dek⁶, dek^6-2
  - Yale: dehk, dék
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dek⁹, dek^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: dég⁶, dég^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛːk̚²/, /tɛːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: iak⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iak̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: liah⁷ / tit⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaʔ²/, /tʰit̚²/

Note:

liah7 - vernacular;
tit7 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tha̍k / thi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: tag / tid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tag⁶ / tid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰak̚⁵/, /tʰit̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tag⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰak̚⁵/

Note:

tha̍k - vernacular;
thi̍t - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dieh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tiəʔ⁵⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ta̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dat
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tat̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dih
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
  - Tâi-lô: tî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dii
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dek
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /tɛk̚¹⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /tiak̚²³/

Note:

ta̍t, ti̍h - vernacular;
te̍k/tia̍k - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: diq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥i̯ɪʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: di⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 笛
Mandarin	Beijing	/ti³⁵/
	Harbin	/ti²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ti⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ti⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ti⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ti⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ti²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sz̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ti¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ti⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ti⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ti²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ti³¹/
	Guiyang	/ti²¹/
	Kunming	/ti³¹/
	Nanjing	/tiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/tiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tiəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/tiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/tiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/diɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/diəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/diəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/di²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/tʰe¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ti²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ti²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɑʔ²/ /tʰiʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰak̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɛk̚²/
	Nanning	/tek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/tɛk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tik̚⁵/ /tiʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ti²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdak̚³/

Middle Chinese: /dek̚/

Rime
Character	笛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒歷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/diek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤiwk/
(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	笛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁiwk/
English	flute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	笛
Reading #	1/1
No.	15537
Phonetic component	由
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	荻
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯːwɢ/

Definitions

笛

flute
whistle

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 笛子 (“(Chinese) transverse flute”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		笛子, 橫笛
Mandarin	Beijing	笛子, 橫笛兒
	Taiwan	笛子
	Yantai (Muping)	笛子
	Luoyang	笛子
	Wanrong	笛
	Xi'an	笛
	Xining	笛竿兒
	Guiyang	笛子
	Yangzhou	笛子
	Singapore	笛子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	笛
Cantonese	Hong Kong	笛, 笛子 Chinese
Gan	Nanchang	笛子
	Lichuan	笛仔
	Pingxiang	笛子
Hakka	Meixian	笛
Jin	Taiyuan	笛子
Min Nan	Xiamen	笛仔, 𥰔仔
	Quanzhou	笛仔, 𥰔仔
	Zhangzhou	𥰔仔
	Tainan	𥰔仔
	Shantou	笛
	Jieyang	笛
Wu	Suzhou	笛

Compounds

Derived terms from 笛

一笛
叉手笛
口笛 (kǒudí)
向笛
吹笛
品笛
土笛
寒笛
怨笛
排笛 (páidí)
新笛 (xīndí)
曲笛 (qǔdí)
朗笛
村笛
柯亭笛
柯笛
柳笛 (liǔdí)
桓伊笛
桓郎笛
梅花笛
梆笛 (bāngdí)
樵笛
武溪笛
汽笛 (qìdí)
海笛 (hǎidí)
潘笛 (pāndí)
牛笛
牛背笛
牧神之笛
牧童笛 (mùtóngdí)
牧笛 (mùdí)
玉笛
直笛 (zhídí)

短笛 (duǎndí)
竹笛
笛仔
笛子 (dízi)
笛工
笛床
笛律
笛材
笛步
笛竹
笛簟
笛膜
笳笛
羌笛 (qiāngdí)
胡笛
腰笛
草笛
警笛 (jǐngdí)
邀笛步
陶笛 (táodí)
雅笛
霜笛
骨笛 (gǔdí)
魔笛
鼓笛
鼓笛曲
鼻笛
品簫弄笛／品箫弄笛
山陽笛／山阳笛
崑笛／昆笛 (kūndí)
悲鄰笛／悲邻笛
悶笛／闷笛 (mēndí)

擫笛／𢬍笛
棚車鼓笛／棚车鼓笛
橫笛／横笛 (héngdí)
漁笛／渔笛
笙簫管笛／笙箫管笛
笛聲／笛声
笛韻／笛韵
篠笛／筱笛
簫笛／箫笛
義嘴笛／义嘴笛
義觜笛／义觜笛
聞笛／闻笛
蘄笛／蕲笛
蘆笛／芦笛
調笛／调笛
豎笛／竖笛 (shùdí)
鄰人笛／邻人笛
鄰家吹笛／邻家吹笛
鄰家笛／邻家笛
鄰笛／邻笛
鄰舍笛／邻舍笛
鐵笛／铁笛
長笛／长笛 (chángdí)
長笛鄰家／长笛邻家
隴笛／陇笛
風笛／风笛 (fēngdí)
魚笛／鱼笛
鳳笛／凤笛
鳴笛／鸣笛 (míngdí)
鶴骨笛／鹤骨笛
鷹笛／鹰笛 (yīngdí)
龍笛／龙笛

Japanese

Kanji

笛

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じゃく (jaku)^{←ぢやく (dyaku, historical)}
Kan-on: てき (teki, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ちゃく (chaku)
Kun: ふえ (fue, 笛, Jōyō)^{←ふえ (fue, historical)}^{←ふ𛀁 (fuye, ancient)}

Compounds

横(おう)笛(じゃく) (ōjaku)
横(よう)笛(じょう) (yōjō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
笛
ふえ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

笛 (fue, chaku, teki): a painting from the 1100s showing a noble playing a flute.

⟨puye⟩ → */puje/ → /ɸue/ → /fue/

From Old Japanese, first cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Likely related to the verb 吹く (fuku, “to blow”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふえ [fùé] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝe̞]

Noun

笛(ふえ) • (fue)

[from 720] (music) a flute, whistle, pipe
[from 934] (anatomy, rare) a windpipe
[from early 1200s] (music) a side-blown flute, as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the 篳篥 (hichiriki)
a whistle such as that used by a referee
[from 1910] a train whistle

Derived terms

霧(きり)笛(ぶえ) (kiribue)
草笛(くさぶえ) (kusabue)
口(くち)笛(ぶえ) (kuchibue)
簫(しょう)の笛(ふえ) (shō no fue)
縦(たて)笛(ぶえ) (tatebue)
角(つの)笛(ぶえ) (tsunobue)
横(よこ)笛(ぶえ) (yokobue)
牧(まき)笛(ぶえ) (makibue)

Idioms

笛(ふえ)吹(ふ)けども踊(おど)らず (fue fukedomo odorazu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
笛
てき Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek̚). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing.

First cited to a text from the 1400s.[1] This reading appears to have fallen out of use.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てき [téꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
IPA^(key): [te̞kʲi]

Affix

笛(てき) • (teki)

flute, whistle

Derived terms

横(おう)笛(てき) (ōteki)
汽(き)笛(てき) (kiteki)
銀(ぎん)笛(てき) (ginteki)
警(けい)笛(てき) (keiteki)
鼓(こ)笛(てき) (koteki)
牧(ぼく)笛(てき) (bokuteki)
魔(ま)笛(てき) (mateki)
霧(む)笛(てき) (muteki)

Noun

笛(てき) • (teki)

[1400s–???] (music, archaic, possibly obsolete) a flute, particularly the Chinese side-blown flute

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
笛
ちゃく Grade: 3
kan’yōon

From a corruption of Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek̚).

First cited to a text from 1241.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちゃく [cháꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

笛(ちゃく) • (chaku)

[from 1241] (archaic, music) a flute, whistle

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

笛 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

笛: Hán Nôm readings: địch, sáo

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN