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单词 竹
释义

竹

See also: ケ
竹 U+7AF9, 竹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AF9
← 竸
[U+7AF8]		CJK Unified Ideographs竺 →
[U+7AFA]
⽵ U+2F75, ⽵
KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO
← ⽴
[U+2F74]		Kangxi Radicals⽶ →
[U+2F76]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

竹 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹 (H), four-corner 88220, composition ⿰亇亇)

  1. Kangxi radical #118, ⽵.

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/竹
  • 𪠿, 𬳕, 𢎉, 𫇸

References

  • KangXi: page 877, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25841
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1305, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2947, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7AF9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
竹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竹
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptionsOracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j21672

j21673

j21674

j21675

j21676

j21677

j21678

j21679

j21680

j21681

j21682

j21683

j21684

j21685

j21686

j21687

j21688

Bronze inscriptions

b06421

Small seal script

s03282

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
竺*tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤*tuːɡ
竹*tuɡ
筑*tuɡ, *duɡ
築*tuɡ
茿*tuɡ

Pictogram (象形) – two bamboo stalks, with leaves. Earlier forms resembled 个 + 个, current form resembles rather ケ + ケ.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *b.twuːkᴰ (“bamboo strip for tying or weaving”), whence Thai ตอก (dtɔ̀ɔk, “bamboo strip”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zhú (zhu2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): zu2
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zuk1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuuk2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): zuh6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chuk
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zug5
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zueh4
  • Min Bei (KCR): dṳ̆
  • Min Dong (BUC): dé̤ṳk
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): tek / tiak / tiok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tsoq (T4)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zhou6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhú
      • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
      • Wade–Giles: chu2
      • Yale: jú
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
      • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zu2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su²¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zuk1
      • Yale: jūk
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk7
      • Guangdong Romanization: zug1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: zuuk2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɵk̚⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: zuh6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suʔ⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
      • Hakka Romanization System: zug`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: zug5
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: zug5
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊk̚¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zueh4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suəʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dṳ̆
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ty²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: dé̤ṳk
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tøyʔ²⁴/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tek
      • Tâi-lô: tik
      • Phofsit Daibuun: deg
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚³²/
      • IPA (Nan'an): /tiɪk̚⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiak
      • Tâi-lô: tiak
      • Phofsit Daibuun: diag
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tiak̚⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiok
      • Tâi-lô: tiok
      • Phofsit Daibuun: diog
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔk̚³²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /tiɔk̚⁵/
Note:
  • tek/tiak - vernacular;
  • tiok - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: dêg4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tek
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tek̚²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tsoq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊʔ⁵⁵/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zhou6
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡səu²⁴/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
竹
MandarinBeijing/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
Harbin/ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
/t͡su²⁴/
Tianjin/t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan/ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Qingdao/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
Xi'an/p͡fu²¹/
Xining/ʈ͡ʂv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
Lanzhou/p͡fu¹³/
Ürümqi/ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡səu²¹³/
Chengdu/t͡su³¹/
Guiyang/t͡su²¹/
Kunming/ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
Nanjing/ʈ͡ʂuʔ⁵/
Hefei/ʈ͡ʂuəʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/t͡suəʔ²/
Pingyao/t͡suʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot/t͡suəʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/t͡soʔ⁵/
Suzhou/t͡soʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/t͡ɕɤu²¹³/
HuiShexian/t͡suʔ²¹/
Tunxi/t͡ɕiu⁵/
XiangChangsha/ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/
Xiangtan/ʈ͡ʂəɯ²⁴/
GanNanchang/t͡suʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/t͡suk̚¹/
Taoyuan/tʃuk̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sok̚⁵/
Nanning/t͡suk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/t͡suk̚⁵/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/tiɔk̚³²/
/tik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/tøyʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/ty²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/tek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan)/t͡sok̚⁵/
/ʔdiɔk̚⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /ʈɨuk̚/
Rime
Character竹
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)知 (9)
Final (韻)東 (4)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie張六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ʈɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/ʈiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/ȶiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ʈuwk̚/
Li
Rong		/ȶiuk̚/
Wang
Li		/ȶĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ȶi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zhu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zuk1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*truk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tuɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character竹
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zhú
Middle
Chinese		‹ trjuwk ›
Old
Chinese		/*truk/
Englishbamboo

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character竹
Reading #1/1
No.17588
Phonetic
component		竹
Rime
group		覺
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		竹
Old
Chinese		/*tuɡ/

Definitions

竹

  1. (～亞科) bamboo (Classifier: 枝; 棵 m; 根 m; 轆／辘 c)
    竹子  ―  zhúzi  ―  bamboo
  2. (music) musical instrument made of bamboo
  3. a surname: Zhu

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 竹子 (“bamboo”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese竹, 篁
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)竹子
MandarinBeijing竹子
Taiwan竹子
Harbin竹子
Yantai (Muping)竹子
Jinan竹子
Luoyang竹子
Wanrong竹子
Xi'an竹子
Yinchuan竹子
Xining竹子
Ürümqi竹子
Wuhan竹子
Chengdu竹子
Guiyang竹子
Guilin竹子
Liuzhou竹子
Xuzhou竹子
Yangzhou竹子
Nanjing竹子
Hefei竹子
CantoneseGuangzhou竹, 竹樹 plant
Hong Kong竹, 竹樹 plant
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)竹
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)竹
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)竹
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)竹
Macau竹
Guangzhou (Panyu)竹
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)竹
Guangzhou (Conghua)竹
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)竹
Foshan竹
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)竹
Foshan (Shunde)竹
Foshan (Sanshui)竹
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)竹
Zhongshan (Shiqi)竹
Zhuhai (Qianshan)竹
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)竹
Zhuhai (Doumen)竹
Jiangmen (Baisha)竹
Jiangmen (Xinhui)竹
Taishan竹
Kaiping (Chikan)竹
Enping (Niujiang)竹
Heshan (Yayao)竹
Dongguan竹
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)竹
Yangjiang竹
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)竹
GanNanchang竹子
Lichuan竹仔
Pingxiang竹子
HakkaMeixian竹仔, 竹
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)竹
Dongguan (Qingxi)竹
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)竹
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)竹
Conghua (Lütian)竹
Yudu竹子
Miaoli (N. Sixian)竹仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)竹仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)竹仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)竹
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)竹仔, 竹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)竹
Hong Kong竹
Senai (Huiyang)竹仔
HuizhouJixi竹
JinTaiyuan竹子
Xinzhou竹子
Min BeiJian'ou竹
Min DongFuzhou竹
Min NanXiamen竹, 竹仔
Taipei竹
New Taipei (Sanxia)竹
Kaohsiung竹仔
Yilan竹
Changhua (Lukang)竹
Taichung竹仔
Tainan竹
Hsinchu竹仔
Kinmen竹
Penghu (Magong)竹
Penang (Hokkien)竹
Manila (Hokkien)竹
Chaozhou竹
Bangkok (Teochew)竹
Johor Bahru (Teochew)竹
Leizhou竹
Haikou竹
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)竹
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)竹, 竹根
WuShanghai竹頭
Suzhou竹頭
Danyang竹子
Hangzhou竹頭
Ningbo竹, 竹頭
Wenzhou竹
Jinhua竹兒
XiangChangsha竹子
Shuangfeng竹子, 竹

Compounds

Derived terms from 竹

Japanese

Kanji

竹

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. bamboo

Readings

  • Go-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō)
  • Tō-on: しつ (shitsu)
  • Kun: たけ (take, 竹, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: たか (taka)

Compounds

  • 真(ま)竹(だけ) (madake) timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides)
  • 孟(もう)宗(そう)竹(ちく) (mōsōchiku) moso bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens
  • 淡(は)竹(ちく) (hachiku) henon bamboo, a form of Phyllostachys nigra (black bamboo)
  • 松(しょう)竹(ちく)梅(ばい) (shōchikubai): An arrangement of pines (松, matsu), bamboo (竹, take), and plum blossoms (梅, ume).
  • 竹(たけ)蜻蛉(とんぼ) (taketonbo): a bamboo dragonfly/bamboo-copter; a toy
  • 緑(りょく)竹(ちく) (ryokuchiku): lush green bamboo
  • 竹(ちく)簡(かん) (chikukan)
  • 竹(たけ)馬(うま) (takeuma)
  • 竹(ちく)林(りん) (chikurin)
  • 竹(たか)薮(やぶ) (takayabu)
  • 竹刀(しない) (shinai)
  • 糸(し)竹(ちく) (shichiku)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
竹
たけ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *takay.

Theories on derivation include:[1][2]

  • From 長生 (takeou) or 高生 (takahae), in reference to the speed at which bamboo grows.
  • Cognate with 高 (taka), 長 (take), 丈 (take) "height".
  • From 高景 (takakake) or つらこえ (tsurakoe).
  • From ta meaning "tall" (高い (takai)) + ke, ancient form of 木 (ki, “tree”).
  • A contraction of 痛快茎延へ (itakukihae), referring to the speed at which bamboo grows.
  • Ta is from Korean 대 (dae, “bamboo”) (see also 대나무 (daenamu, “bamboo”, literally “bamboo tree”)), while ke is an ancient form of 木 (ki).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) たけ [tàké] (Heiban – [0])[3][4]
    • IPA(key): [ta̠ke̞]

Noun

竹(たけ) • (take) 

  1. bamboo
    『竹(たけ)取(とり)物(もの)語(がたり)』
    “Taketori Monogatari”
    The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter
  2. the middle of a 3-tier ranking system

Coordinate terms

  • (rank):
    • 松(まつ) (matsu): pine, the highest rank
    • 梅(うめ) (ume): apricot, the lowest rank

References

  1. “タケ”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
  2. “竹”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 竹 (MC ʈɨuk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 듁〮 (tyúk) (Yale: tyuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource竹 (eumhun 대나무 죽 (daenamu juk))

  1. Hanja form? of 죽 (“bamboo”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 폭죽 (爆竹, pokjuk, “firecracker; firework”)
  • 송죽 (松竹, songjuk, “pine tree and bamboo”)
  • 죽순 (竹筍, juksun, “bamboo shoot”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

竹: Hán Nôm readings: trúc


  1. (Sino-Vietnamese) bamboo
  2. any bamboo species of phyllostachys
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