窒

窒

窒 U+7A92, 窒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A92 ← 窑 [U+7A91] CJK Unified Ideographs 窓 → [U+7A93]

Translingual

Han character

窒 (radical 116, 穴+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十金一戈土 (JCMIG), four-corner 3010₄, composition ⿱穴至)

References

• KangXi: page 865, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25493
• Dae Jaweon: page 1293, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2728, character 14
• Unihan data for U+7A92

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		窒
variant forms		疾 Cantonese "to stutter"

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	*tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ
荎	*di, *diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	*hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ
窒	*tiːɡ, *tiɡ
蛭	*tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	*diːɡ, *diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	*tiɡ, *tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	*diɡ, *tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zat⁶
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tit / chit / that

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diag⁴ / diêg⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zat⁶
    • Yale: jaht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zed⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tit
    • Tâi-lô: tit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: did
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
    • Tâi-lô: tsit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cid
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕit̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: that
    • Tâi-lô: that
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰat̚³²/

Note:

• tit/chit - literary;
• that - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: diag⁴ / diêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiak / tiek
    • IPA ^(key): /tiak̚²/, /tiek̚²/

Note:

• diag4 - Shantou;
• diêg4 - Chaozhou.

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• Middle Chinese: /ʈˠiɪt̚/, /tet̚/▼

Rime
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	質 (49)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III	IV
Fanqie	陟栗切	丁結切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪt̚/	/tet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚit̚/	/tet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiet̚/	/tɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjit̚/	/tɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ȶjĕt̚/	/tet̚/
Wang Li	/ȶĭĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	die

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ri[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tiːɡ/, /*tiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	窒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trit ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ri[t]/
English	stop up (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17347	17358
Phonetic component	至	至
Rime group	質	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	窒	窒
Old Chinese	/*tiːɡ/	/*tiɡ/

Definitions

窒

1. to stop up, to obstruct
2. (Cantonese) to stutter; to stammer

   口窒窒 [Cantonese]  ―  hau² zat⁶ zat⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  stuttering; stammering

3. (Cantonese, figuratively) to stutter; to make halting movements

   畫面窒吓窒吓 [Cantonese, trad.]
   画面窒吓窒吓 [Cantonese, simp.]

   waa² min⁶ zat⁶ haa⁵ zat⁶ haa⁵ [Jyutping]

   (please add an English translation of this example)

Compounds

堙窒 懲忿窒欲／惩忿窒欲 穹窒 窒塞

窒息 (zhìxī) 窒扶斯 (zhìfúsī) 窒欲 窒礙／窒碍

窒礙難行／窒碍难行 窒素 (zhìsù) 腸窒扶斯／肠窒扶斯

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Japanese

Kanji

窒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ちち (chichi); てち (techi)
• Kan-on: ちつ (chitsu, Jōyō); てつ (tetsu)
• Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu); ふさがる (fusagaru, 窒がる)

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Korean

Hanja

窒 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl, Yale cil, cel)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

窒 (trất, khỏng, rấp, rất)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.