突厥

突厥

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (突厥)		突	厥
simp. #(突厥)		突	厥

Etymology

Ultimately from a form which also gave rise to the name Türk (cf. Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚‎ (Türk), 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜‎ (Türük)), but the phonetics are difficult to reconcile.

It has been suggested that this is a transcription of Rouran *Türküt, a plural of the Mongolic type, composed of Türk + *-üt (Mongolic plural suffix, compare Khalkha Mongolian -үүд (-üüd)) (Pelliot, 1915). Pulleyblank (1965) proposed that this is a direct transcription of Türk.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Tūjué, Tújué

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶ kyut³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tūjué
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tujyué
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu¹-chüeh²
    • Yale: tū-jywé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tujyue
    • Palladius: туцзюэ (tuczjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕɥɛ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tújué
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tújyué
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu²-chüeh²
    • Yale: tú-jywé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twujyue
    • Palladius: туцзюэ (tuczjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕɥɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dat⁶ kyut³
    • Yale: daht kyut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹ kyt⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶ küd³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tʰuət̚  kɨut̚/

Rime
Character	突	厥
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	魂 (56)	文 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他骨切	九勿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuət̚/	/kɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuot̚/	/kiut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuət̚/	/kiuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwət̚/	/kut̚/
Li Rong	/tʰuət̚/	/kiuət̚/
Wang Li	/tʰuət̚/	/kĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuət̚/	/ki̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tu	ju
Expected Cantonese Reflex	teot1	gwat1

Proper noun

突厥

1. (historical) Göktürks
2. Turk (collective name for various Turkic ethnic groups)

Derived terms

沙陀突厥 (Shātuó tūjué) 突厥人 (tūjuérén) 突厥化 (tūjuéhuà) 突厥文 突厥斯坦 (Tūjuésītǎn)

突厥主義／突厥主义 (Tūjué zhǔyì) 突厥語／突厥语 (tūjuéyǔ) 突厥語族／突厥语族 (Tūjué yǔzú) 突厥語系／突厥语系 (Tūjué yǔxì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (突厥):

• → Japanese: 突厥(とっけつ) (Tokketsu)
• → Korean: 돌궐(突厥) (Dolgwol)
• → Vietnamese: Đột Quyết (突厥)

Further reading

• Lee, Joo-Yup (2016), “The Historical Meaning of the Term Turk and the Nature of the Turkic Identity of the Chinggisid and Timurid Elites in Post-Mongol Central Asia”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎, volume 59, issue 1–2, DOI:10.13173/centasiaj.59.1-2.0101, pages 101–32

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
突	厥
とつ > とっ Grade: S	けつ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
突厥 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• IPA^(key): [to̞k̚ke̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Proper noun

突(とっ)厥(けつ) • (Tokketsu) 

1. the Turks
2. Mongolia

Derived terms

• 突(とっ)厥(けつ)文(も)字(じ) (Tokketsu moji)

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Korean

Hanja in this term
突	厥

Proper noun

突厥 • (Dolgwol) (hangeul 돌궐)

1. Hanja form^? of 돌궐 (“Turk; Göktürk”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
突	厥

Proper noun

突厥

1. chữ Hán form of Đột Quyết (“Turk; Göktürk”).