空想
Chinese
emptied; leisure; air emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain | to think; to believe; to suppose to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (空想) | 空 | 想 | |
simp. #(空想) | 空 | 想 |
Pronunciation
Noun
空想
- fantasy; dream
Synonyms
- 幻想 (huànxiǎng)
- (literary) 冥思 (míngsī)
Verb
空想
- to fantasize; to daydream
Synonyms
- 幻想 (huànxiǎng)
- 夢想/梦想 (mèngxiǎng)
- 做夢/做梦 (zuòmèng)
Adjective
空想
- (attributive) utopian
Derived terms
|
Descendants
- → Japanese: 空想 (kūsō)
- → Korean: 공상(空想) (gongsang)
- → Vietnamese: không tưởng (空想)
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
空 | 想 |
くう Grade: 1 | そう Grade: 3 |
goon |
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).
The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886,[1] and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.
The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the 摩訶止観 (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) くうそー [kùúsóó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝːso̞ː]
Noun
空想 • (kūsō) ←くうさう (kūsau)?
- [from 1886] fantasy, daydream; something imagined
- [from 600s] (Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata
Derived terms
- 空想家 (kūsōka)
- 空想力 (kūsōryoku)
Verb
空想する • (kūsō suru) ←くうさう (kūsau)? suru (stem 空想し (kūsō shi), past 空想した (kūsō shita))
- [from 1886] to fantasize
- [from 600s] (Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata
Conjugation
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 空想し | くうそうし | kūsō shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 空想し | くうそうし | kūsō shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 空想する | くうそうする | kūsō suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 空想する | くうそうする | kūsō suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 空想すれ | くうそうすれ | kūsō sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 空想せよ¹ 空想しろ² | くうそうせよ¹ くうそうしろ² | kūsō seyo¹ kūsō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 空想される | くうそうされる | kūsō sareru | |
Causative | 空想させる 空想さす | くうそうさせる くうそうさす | kūsō saseru kūsō sasu | |
Potential | 空想できる | くうそうできる | kūsō dekiru | |
Volitional | 空想しよう | くうそうしよう | kūsō shiyō | |
Negative | 空想しない | くうそうしない | kūsō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 空想せず | くうそうせず | kūsō sezu | |
Formal | 空想します | くうそうします | kūsō shimasu | |
Perfective | 空想した | くうそうした | kūsō shita | |
Conjunctive | 空想して | くうそうして | kūsō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 空想すれば | くうそうすれば | kūsō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
- “空想”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
空 | 想 |
Noun
空想 • (gongsang) (hangeul 공상)
- Hanja form? of 공상.
Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term | |
---|---|
空 | 想 |
Adjective
空想
- chữ Hán form of không tưởng (“unrealistic; utopian”).