積み上げる

積み上げる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
積	上
つ(み) Grade: 4	あ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
積上げる

Etymology

Compound of 積(つ)み (tsumi, continuative of 積(つ)む (tsumu, “to pile, stack”)) + 上(あ)げる (ageru, “to raise, move up”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) つみあげ​る [tsùmíágéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝmʲia̠ɡe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "積み上げる"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	積み上げる	つみあげ​る	[tsùmíágéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形)	積み上げろ	つみあげ​ろ	[tsùmíágéꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive	積み上げられる	つみあげられ​る	[tsùmíágéráréꜜrù]
Causative	積み上げさせる	つみあげさせ​る	[tsùmíágésáséꜜrù]
Potential	積み上げられる	つみあげられ​る	[tsùmíágéráréꜜrù]
Volitional	積み上げよう	つみあげよ​ー	[tsùmíágéyóꜜò]
Negative	積み上げない	つみあげ​ない	[tsùmíágéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective	積み上げなかった	つみあげ​なかった	[tsùmíágéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal	積み上げます	つみあげま​す	[tsùmíágémáꜜsù]
Perfective	積み上げた	つみあ​げた	[tsùmíáꜜgètà]
Conjunctive	積み上げて	つみあ​げて	[tsùmíáꜜgètè]
Hypothetical conditional	積み上げれば	つみあげ​れば	[tsùmíágéꜜrèbà]

Verb

積(つ)み上(あ)げる • (tsumiageru) transitive ichidan (stem 積(つ)み上(あ)げ (tsumiage), past 積(つ)み上(あ)げた (tsumiageta))

1. to pile up, stack up high

   米(こめ)俵(だわら)を積(つ)み上(あ)げる

   komedawara o tsumiageru

   to stack up rice bales

2. to finish loading

   Synonym: 積み終わる

   今日(きょう)中(じゅう)に荷(に)を積(つ)み上(あ)げよう。

   Kyōjū ni ni o tsumiageyō.

   Let's finish loading (with the load) by the end of the day.

3. to add up something sequentially in order to reach a higher level

   団(だん)体(たい)交(こう)渉(しょう)で額(がく)を積(つ)み上(あ)げる

   dantaikōshō de gaku o tsumiageru

   to get raises by collective bargaining

   (literally, “to gradually increase the amount (of money) by collective bargaining”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "積み上げる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	積み上げ	つみあげ	tsumiage
Continuative (連用形)	積み上げ	つみあげ	tsumiage
Terminal (終止形)	積み上げる	つみあげる	tsumiageru
Attributive (連体形)	積み上げる	つみあげる	tsumiageru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	積み上げれ	つみあげれ	tsumiagere
Imperative (命令形)	積み上げよ¹ 積み上げろ²	つみあげよ¹ つみあげろ²	tsumiageyo¹ tsumiagero²
Key constructions
Passive	積み上げられる	つみあげられる	tsumiagerareru
Causative	積み上げさせる 積み上げさす	つみあげさせる つみあげさす	tsumiagesaseru tsumiagesasu
Potential	積み上げられる 積み上げれる³	つみあげられる つみあげれる³	tsumiagerareru tsumiagereru³
Volitional	積み上げよう	つみあげよう	tsumiageyō
Negative	積み上げない 積み上げぬ 積み上げん	つみあげない つみあげぬ つみあげん	tsumiagenai tsumiagenu tsumiagen
Negative continuative	積み上げず	つみあげず	tsumiagezu
Formal	積み上げます	つみあげます	tsumiagemasu
Perfective	積み上げた	つみあげた	tsumiageta
Conjunctive	積み上げて	つみあげて	tsumiagete
Hypothetical conditional	積み上げれば	つみあげれば	tsumiagereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Classical conjugation of "積み上ぐ" (ガ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	積み上げ	つみあげ	tumiage
Continuative (連用形)	積み上げ	つみあげ	tumiage
Terminal (終止形)	積み上ぐ	つみあぐ	tumiagu
Attributive (連体形)	積み上ぐる	つみあぐる	tumiaguru
Realis (已然形)	積み上ぐれ	つみあぐれ	tumiagure
Imperative (命令形)	積み上げよ	つみあげよ	tumiageyo
Key constructions
Negative	積み上げず	つみあげず	tumiagezu
Contrasting conjunction	積み上ぐれど	つみあぐれど	tumiaguredo
Causal conjunction	積み上ぐれば	つみあぐれば	tumiagureba
Conditional conjunction	積み上げば	つみあげば	tumiageba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	積み上げき	つみあげき	tumiageki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	積み上げけり	つみあげけり	tumiagekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	積み上げつ	つみあげつ	tumiagetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	積み上げぬ	つみあげぬ	tumiagenu
Perfect-continuative tense	積み上げたり	つみあげたり	tumiagetari
Volitional	積み上げむ	つみあげむ	tumiagemu