穆民

穆民

Chinese

		solemn; harmonious; peaceful	the people; nationality; citizen
simp. and trad. (穆民)		穆	民

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Arabic مُؤْمِن‎ (muʾmin, “believer; faithful”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mùmín

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мумин (mumin, III-II) / мәмин (məmin, II-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶ man⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mùmín
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mùmín
    • Wade–Giles: mu⁴-min²
    • Yale: mù-mín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhmin
    • Palladius: муминь (muminʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹ min³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мумин (mumin, III-II) / мәмин (məmin, II-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou⁴⁴ miŋ⁵¹/, /mə⁵¹ miŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: muk⁶ man⁴
    • Yale: muhk màhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹ man⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶ men⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚² mɐn²¹/

Noun

穆民

1. believer in Islam; Muslim

   • 如穆民，天方人之美稱也。或譯君或譯信士，或譯順者，皆不離穆民之義也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     如穆民，天方人之美称也。或译君或译信士，或译顺者，皆不离穆民之义也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1710, 劉智 (Liu Zhi), 《天方典禮》 (The Rites of Islam)

     Rú mùmín, Tiānfāngrén zhī měichēng yě. Huò yì jūn huò yì xìnshì, huò yì shùnzhě, jiē bù lí mùmín zhī yì yě. [Pinyin]

     For instance, [the word] Muslim, which is a laudatory title for the people of Islam. Sometimes it is translated as "noble person", sometimes as "believer", sometimes as "submitter"; none of these are separate from the meaning of Muslim.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 穆斯林 (“Muslim”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		穆斯林, 伊斯蘭教徒, 回教徒, 清真教徒 dated
Mandarin	Taiwan	穆斯林, 回教徒, 伊斯蘭教徒
	Jinan	穆斯林
	Yinchuan	穆斯林, 穆民
	Xining	穆斯林
	Malaysia	穆斯林
	Singapore	回教徒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	穆斯林, 穆民
Cantonese	Hong Kong	穆斯林, 回教徒, 伊斯蘭教徒
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	回教徒
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	回教徒
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	回教徒
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	回教徒
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	回教徒
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	回教徒
Min Nan	Xiamen	穆斯林
	Quanzhou	穆斯林
	Zhangzhou	穆斯林
	Taipei	回教徒 GT
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)