穆

穆

穆 U+7A46, 穆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A46 ← 穅 [U+7A45] CJK Unified Ideographs 穇 → [U+7A47]

Translingual

Han character

穆 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹木竹日竹 (HDHAH), four-corner 2692₂, composition ⿰禾㣎)

Derived characters

• 𭐇, 𫖜

References

• KangXi: page 859, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25251
• Dae Jaweon: page 1284, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2628, character 20
• Unihan data for U+7A46

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		穆

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *muɡ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 㣎 () – standing grain.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mù (mu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mu̍k
• Min Dong (BUC): mŭk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mog⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): moq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mù
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mù
    • Wade–Giles: mu⁴
    • Yale: mù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: muk⁶
    • Yale: muhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: mug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /muk̚⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: moq (T5)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊʔ¹²/

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• Middle Chinese: /mɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	穆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	莫六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muwk̚/
Li Rong	/miuk̚/
Wang Li	/mĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	muk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)iwk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*muɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)iwk/
English	harmonious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穆
Reading #	1/1
No.	9336
Phonetic component	穆
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	目
Old Chinese	/*muɡ/

Definitions

穆

1. ^† standing grain
2. (historical) the right side position in ancestral temples
3. (figurative) right side
4. reverent; respectful
5. magnificent and beautiful; majestic
6. solemn; solemnly silent
7. calm; mild; gentle
8. harmonious; peaceful
9. pure; honest
10. profound and lasting; far-reaching
11. Short for 穆罕默德 (Mùhǎnmòdé, “Muhammad”).
12. Short for 穆斯林 (mùsīlín, “Muslim”).
13. a surname

Compounds

卡土穆 宓穆 昭穆 沕穆 穆忞 穆思林 穆斯林 (mùsīlín) 穆棱

穆民 (mùmín) 穆清 穆然 穆穆 落落穆穆 郁穆 雍穆 庫穆塔格／库穆塔格

於穆／于穆 珠穆朗瑪／珠穆朗玛 (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ) 穆如清風／穆如清风 穆聖／穆圣 (Mùshèng, “Prophet Muhammad”) 緝穆／缉穆 (qìmù) 肅穆／肃穆 (sùmù) 輯穆／辑穆 靜穆／静穆 (jìngmù)

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Japanese

Kanji

穆

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: もく (moku)
• Kan-on: ぼく (boku)
• Kun: やわらぐ (yawaragu, 穆らぐ)

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Korean

Hanja

穆 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok)

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Vietnamese

Han character

穆: Hán Nôm readings: mục

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References

• Nôm Foundation