稽首

稽首

Chinese

		bow to the ground; inspect; check	head; chief; first (occasion) head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems
trad. (稽首)		稽	首
simp. #(稽首)		稽	首

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐshǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄕㄡˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐshǒu [Phonetic: qíshǒu]
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄕㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐshǒu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi³-shou³
    • Yale: chǐ-shǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiishoou
    • Palladius: цишоу (cišou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰei^X  ɕɨu^X/

Rime
Character	稽	首
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	康禮切	書九切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰeiX/	/ɕɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰeiX/	/ɕiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛiX/	/ɕiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛjX/	/ɕuwX/
Li Rong	/kʰeiX/	/ɕiuX/
Wang Li	/kʰieiX/	/ɕĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰieiX/	/ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ	shǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kai2	sau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤijʔ  l̥uʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰiːʔ  hljuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稽	首
Reading #	4/4	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ	shǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ khejX ›	‹ syuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁijʔ/	/*l̥uʔ/
English	bow the head to the ground	head
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稽	首
Reading #	2/2	1/2
No.	17318	11671
Phonetic component	旨	首
Rime group	脂	幽
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	啓	首
Old Chinese	/*kʰiːʔ/	/*hljuʔ/

Verb

稽首

1. to qishou, a ritual showing the highest degree of homage and respect (to kneel, put one's hands crossed on the ground, bow, and rest the forehead upon the hands)