稷

稷

稷 U+7A37, 稷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A37 ← 稶 [U+7A36] CJK Unified Ideographs 稸 → [U+7A38]

Translingual

Han character

稷 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木田金水 (HDWCE), four-corner 2694₇, composition ⿰禾畟)

1. god of cereals
2. minister of agriculture

References

• KangXi: page 857, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25207
• Dae Jaweon: page 1282, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2623, character 5
• Unihan data for U+7A37

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Chinese

trad.		稷
simp. #		稷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
稷	*sklɯɡ
畟	*sklɯɡ, *skʰrɯɡ
溭	*sɡrɯɡ
謖	*sqʰruɡ

Etymology

Sagart (2008: 134-136) considers it a cognate of Proto-Austronesian *bəCəŋ (“foxtail millet”) as part of the hypothetical Sino-Tibetan-Austronesian language family. Blust (2013: 713), however, finds this comparison unconvincing because of the apparently arbitrary and phonetically unjustified fluctuation between Old Chinese *-k and Proto-Austronesian *-ŋ.

Cognates of this word are found in a handful of Tibeto-Burman languages, such as Drung tɕɑʔ⁵⁵ (“millet”) and Lhokpu cək (“Setaria italica”) (Sagart, 2008). This etymon should be kept separated from 饎 (OC *kʰljɯs), 芑 (OC *kʰɯʔ) and 穄 (OC *ʔsleds). The first two may belong to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (“millet”), while the last one may be related to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tsap (“millet”), along with Burmese ဆပ် (hcap, “Setaria italica”) and Sichuan Yi ꏹ (jyp, “millet”) (Schuessler, 2007: 299).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chek

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zik¹
    • Yale: jīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
    • Tâi-lô: tsik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sɨk̚/

Rime
Character	稷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sik̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siək̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sklɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ək/
English	millet (Setaria italica)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稷
Reading #	1/1
No.	1170
Phonetic component	畟
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	即
Old Chinese	/*sklɯɡ/

Definitions

稷

1. foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

   • 我蓺黍稷。我黍與與、我稷翼翼。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     我蓺黍稷。我黍与与、我稷翼翼。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wǒ yì shǔ jì. Wǒ shǔ yúyú, wǒ jì yìyì. [Pinyin]

     That we might plant our broomcorn millet and foxtail millet; that our broomcorn millet might be abundant, and our foxtail millet luxuriant.

2. God of cereals
3. † minister of agriculture

Compounds

功在社稷 社稷 (shèjì) 社稷之器 社稷之臣 (shèjì zhī chén) 稷下

稷下先生 稷神 稷蜂社鼠 芒稷

黍稷 后稷 (Hòujì) 社稷為墟／社稷为墟 稷下學派／稷下学派

Descendants

• → Uzbek: so'k

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Japanese

Kanji

稷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): しょく (shoku)
• Kun: きび (kibi, 稷)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
稷
きび Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Noun

稷(きび) • (kibi) 

1. Alternative form of 黍

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Korean

Hanja

稷 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

稷: Hán Nôm readings: tắc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.