秦
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Translingual
Han character
秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 50904, composition ⿱𡗗禾)
Derived characters
- 榛, 䆐, 溱
References
- KangXi: page 851, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24995
- Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2597, character 5
- Unihan data for U+79E6
Chinese
trad. | 秦 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 秦 | |
alternative forms | 𥠼 𣜈 𥘿 𥢮 𥣠 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 秦 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
轃 | *ʔsiːn, *ʔsrin |
秦 | *zin |
螓 | *zin |
臻 | *ʔsrin |
蓁 | *ʔsrin |
搸 | *ʔsrin |
溱 | *ʔsrin |
榛 | *ʔsrin |
In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form.
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.[1]
Pronunciation
Definitions
秦
- (~國) State of Qin (in ancient China)
- 晉侯、秦伯圍鄭,以其無禮於晉,且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵,秦軍氾南。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Jìn hóu, Qín bó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě. Jìn jūn Hánlíng, Qín jūn Fánnán. [Pinyin]
- The Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu. Jin armies were stationed at Hanling; Qin armies at Fannan.
晋侯、秦伯围郑,以其无礼于晋,且贰于楚也。晋军函陵,秦军氾南。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (~朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China
- Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
- a surname
- 秦良玉 ― Qín Liángyù ― Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)
See also
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Time period | Divisions | |||
Xia 夏 (~朝, ~代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | ||||
Shang 商 (~朝, ~代) 殷 (~朝, ~代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | ||||
Zhou 周 (~朝, ~代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |||
Eastern Zhou 東周/东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 | ||||
Warring States period 戰國/战国 | |||||
Qin 秦 (~朝, ~代) | 221 – 206 BCE | ||||
Han 漢/汉 (~朝, ~代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢/西汉 | |||
Xin 新 (~朝) | |||||
Eastern Han 東漢/东汉 | |||||
Three Kingdoms 三國/三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | |||
Shu Han 蜀漢/蜀汉 | |||||
Wu 吳/吴 | |||||
Jin 晉/晋 (~朝, ~代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉/西晋 | |||
Eastern Jin 東晉/东晋 | |||||
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 | ||
Western Wei 西魏 | |||||
Eastern Wei 東魏/东魏 | |||||
Northern Zhou 北周 | |||||
Northern Qi 北齊/北齐 | |||||
Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋/刘宋 | ||||
Southern Qi 南齊/南齐 | |||||
Liang 梁 (~朝, ~代) | |||||
Chen 陳/陈 (~朝, ~代) | |||||
Sui 隋 (~朝, ~代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | ||||
Tang 唐 (~朝, ~代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | ||||
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國/五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | ||||
Liao 遼/辽 (~朝, ~代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | ||||
Song 宋 (~朝, ~代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | |||
Southern Song 南宋 | |||||
Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | ||||
Jin 金 (~朝, ~代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | ||||
Western Liao 西遼/西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | ||||
Yuan 元 (~朝, ~代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | ||||
Ming 明 (~朝, ~代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | ||||
Qing 清 (~朝, ~代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | ||||
Republic of China 民國/民国 | 1912 C.E. – present | ||||
People's Republic of China 人民共和國/人民共和国 | 1949 C.E. – present |
Compounds
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Descendants
- → English: Ch'in, Chin, Qin, Tsin
- →? Sanskrit: चीन (cīna)
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
- → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
- Persian: چین (čin)
- Portuguese: China
- English: China
- Portuguese: China
- Persian: چین (čin)
- → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC t͡ɕiᴇ nɑ)
- Chinese: 支那 (Zhīnà)
- → Japanese: 支那 (しな, shina)
- → Korean: 지나 (jina)
- → Vietnamese: Chi Na
- → Malay: Cina
- Indonesian: Cina
References
- “秦, Qin”, in zdic.net, (please provide a date or year)
- “秦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02923
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- Qin dynasty
Readings
- Go-on: じん (jin)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)
- Sō-on: ちん (chin)
- Kun: はた (hata, 秦); はたしん (hatashin, 秦)
- Nanori: かな (kana); たい (tai); はだ (hada); ひろ (hiro); まさ (masa); やす (yasu)
Compounds
- 秦篆 (Shinten)
- 秦皮 (shinpi)
- 後秦 (Kōshin)
- 西秦 (Seishin)
- 先秦 (Senshin)
- 前秦 (Zenshin)
- 太秦 (Uzumasa)
- 秦皮 (toneriko)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
しん Jinmeiyō |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 秦 (MC d͡ziɪn).
Proper noun
秦 • (Shin)
- (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China
- (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
- 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE)
- 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE)
- 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE)
- a surname
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はた Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun
秦 • (Hata)
- a place name
- a surname
Derived terms
- 秦公寺 (Hatanokimi-dera)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はたしん Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) + 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”).
The 秦 kanji itself has a kun-reading of はた (hata).
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) はたしん [hàtáshíń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ha̠ta̠ɕĩɴ]
Usage notes
This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 2 above.
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
- Qin
Vietnamese
Han character
秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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