秒

秒	U+79D2, 秒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D2

← 科
[U+79D1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

秓 →
[U+79D3]

Translingual

Han character

秒 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火竹 (HDFH), four-corner 2992₀, composition ⿰禾少)

References

KangXi: page 850, character 22

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24952

Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 9

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2593, character 12

Unihan data for U+79D2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (小) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
觘	sm̥ʰreːw, sm̥ʰreːws
抄	sm̥ʰreːw, sm̥ʰreːws
鈔	sm̥ʰreːw, sm̥ʰreːws
訬	sm̥ʰreːw, mewʔ
炒	*sʰroːʔ
吵	sm̥ʰreːwʔ, mewʔ
耖	*sm̥ʰreːws
仯	*sm̥ʰreːws
眇	*mewʔ
渺	*mewʔ
杪	*mewʔ
秒	*mewʔ
篎	mewʔ, mews
妙	*mews
玅	*mews
釥	*sm̥ʰewʔ
小	*smewʔ
少	hmjewʔ, hmjews
麨	*m̥ʰjewʔ
尠	senʔ, smos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		秒

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): miǎo (miao³)
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄠˇ
(Chengdu, SP): miao³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): miu⁵
(Taishan, Wiktionary): miau⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): mieu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): miéu
(Meixian, Guangdong): miau³
Jin (Wiktionary): miau²
Min Bei (KCR): miǎu
Min Dong (BUC): miēu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): biáu / bió
(Teochew, Peng'im): miao² / miou²
Wu (Wiktionary): miau (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): miau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miǎo
  - Wade–Giles: miao³
  - Yale: myǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meau
  - Palladius: мяо (mjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mjɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: miao³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: miu⁵
  - Yale: míuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: miu⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: miu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: miau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbiau²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: mieu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miéu
  - Hakka Romanization System: mieu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mieu³
  - Sinological IPA: /mi̯eu̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: miau³
  - Sinological IPA: /miau³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: miau²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /miau⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miǎu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: miēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biáu
  - Tâi-lô: biáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biao
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bió
  - Tâi-lô: bió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bioir
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bio⁵³/

Note:

Taiwan:
- biáu - literary;
- bió - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: miao² / miou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miáu / mióu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵²/, /miou⁵²/

Note:

miao2 - Shantou;
miou2 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: miau (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: miau³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɒu⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /miᴇu^X/

Rime
Character	秒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡沼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miaw^X/
Li Rong	/miɛu^X/
Wang Li	/mĭɛu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	miu⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mewʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	秒
Reading #	1/1
No.	13698
Phonetic component	小
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	眇
Old Chinese	/*mewʔ/

Definitions

秒

^† awn; arista
^† tiny; minute; insignificant
^† tip; end; extremity
Classifier for time: second
一天有86400秒。 ― Yī tiān yǒu 86400 miǎo. ― There are 86,400 seconds in one day.
Classifier for measuring an angle or latitude/longitude: second
(neologism, Internet slang, by extension) in seconds; immediately; instantly; at once

Synonyms

秒鐘／秒钟 (miǎozhōng)

Compounds

位元每秒
分秒
披秒
每秒千比特
比特每秒
毫秒 (háomiǎo)
秒回 (miǎohuí)
秒差距 (miǎochājù)

秒忽
米每秒
分秒必爭／分秒必争 (fēnmiǎobìzhēng)
每秒位元數／每秒位元数
每秒傳輸千位元數／每秒传输千位元数
每秒傳送位數／每秒传送位数
每秒千位元數／每秒千位元数
每秒千字節／每秒千字节

爭分奪秒／争分夺秒 (zhēngfēnduómiǎo)
秒殺／秒杀 (miǎoshā)
秒針／秒针 (miǎozhēn)
秒錶／秒表 (miǎobiǎo)
秒鐘／秒钟 (miǎozhōng)
讀秒／读秒 (dúmiǎo)
閏秒／闰秒 (rùnmiǎo)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 秒 – see 藐 (“small; young; to look down on; to think little of; etc.”). (This character, 秒, is the second-round simplified form of 藐.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

秒

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

second

Readings

Go-on: みょう (myō)
Kan-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)
Kun: のぎ (nogi, 秒)

Compounds

秒(びょう)速(そく) (byōsoku)
秒(びょう)読(よ)み (byōyomi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
秒
びょう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) びょー [byóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [bʲo̞ː]

Homophones: 眇, 廟, 鋲, 渺

Noun

秒(びょう) • (byō) ^{←べう (beu)^?}

second (one-sixtieth of a minute; SI unit of time)
second (unit of angular measure)

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 묘 (myo) based on Middle Chinese 秒 (MC miᴇu^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	묘ᇢ〯 (Yale: myǒw)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [초]

Hanja

Wikisource秒 (eumhun 초 초 (cho cho))

Hanja form^? of 초 (“the SI unit of time, second”).
Hanja form^? of 초 (“(geometry) a second of arc”).

Compounds

초속 (秒速, chosok)
분초 (分秒, buncho)
초침 (秒針, chochim)
기초 (記秒, gicho)
매초 (每秒, maecho)
윤초 (閏秒, yuncho)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

秒: Hán Nôm readings: miểu, sao

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN