科
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
科 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜十 (HDYJ), four-corner 24900, composition ⿰禾斗)
Derived characters
- 犐 䌀 蝌 嵙 萪 䈖
References
- KangXi: page 850, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24950
- Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 7
- Unihan data for U+79D1
Chinese
simp. and trad. | 科 |
---|
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 科 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (禾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
科 | *kʰoːl, *kʰoːls |
萪 | *kʰoːl |
蝌 | *kʰoːl |
犐 | *kʰoːl |
禾 | *ɡoːl |
和 | *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls |
咊 | *ɡoːl |
盉 | *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls |
龢 | *ɡoːl |
鉌 | *ɡoːl |
俰 | *ɡoːls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰoːl, *kʰoːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl, “grain”) + semantic 斗 (“measuring tool”).
Etymology 1
Possibly a *k-prefixed noun derived from 和 (OC *ɡoːl), hence “the things which harmonize” (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
科
- sort; class; kind
- law; regulation
- (historical) imperial examination
- article; clause
- norms; rules
- division; branch (of study) (Classifier: 個/个)
- section; department
- (taxonomy) family
- (Chinese theater) action; enactment (as opposed to dialogue, recitation, or singing)
- 插科打諢/插科打诨 ― chākēdǎhùn ― to improvise for hilarity; to jest
- to pass a sentence
- to check; to examine
- to punish; to fine or levy taxes
Compounds
Derived terms from 科
|
|
|
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (科):
- → Japanese: 科 (ka)
- → Korean: 과(科) (gwa)
- → Vietnamese: khoa (科)
See also
- (Taxonomy) 生物分類學/生物分类学; 域 (yù, “domain”), 界 (jiè, “kingdom”), 門/门 (mén, “phylum”), 綱/纲 (gāng, “class”), 目 (mù, “order”), 科 (kē, “family”), 屬/属 (shǔ, “genus”), 種/种 (zhǒng, “species”) (Category: zh:Taxonomy)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
科
- † to grow; to tiller
Pronunciation
Definitions
科
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) Alternative form of fol (fo1, “to follow”).
References
- “科”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
科
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- grade
- categorized classes or the text of law
- graded crimes
- examinations graded in classes
- divide taxes or crimes
- a (circular) hole
Readings
- Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: しぐさ (shigusa, 科); しな (shina, 科); とが (toga, 科)
- Nanori: しな (shina)
Compounds
- 科学
- 科挙
- 科斗
- 科白
- 科名
- 科目
- 科料
- 医科
- 学科
- 法科
- 分科
- 文科
- 理科
- 薬科
- 教科書
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
科 |
か Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Suffix
科 • (-ka) ←くわ (kwa)?
- department, section
- (taxonomy) family
Related terms
- (Taxonomy) 生物の分類 (seibutsunobunrui); ドメイン (domein, “domain”), 界 (kai, “kingdom”), 門 (mon, “phylum”), 綱 (kō, “class”), 目 (moku, “order”), 科 (ka, “family”), 屬 (zoku, “genus”), 種 (shu, “species”) (Category: ja:Taxonomy)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
科 |
とが Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Noun
科 • (toga)
- crime; wrongdoing
- 1916, 森鷗外 [Mori Ōgai], 高瀬舟 (Takase-bune) [The Boat on the Takase River]:
- 高瀬舟に乗る罪人の過半は、いわゆる心得違いのために、思わぬ科を犯した人であった。
- Takasebune ni noru zainin no kahan wa, iwayuru kokoroechigai no tame ni, omowanu toga o okashita hito de atta.
- Over half of the prisoners on the boat were people who had been convicted for what we might call human mistakes, people who had unwittingly committed some serious offense.[1]
- 高瀬舟に乗る罪人の過半は、いわゆる心得違いのために、思わぬ科を犯した人であった。
-
References
- Takumi KASHIMA (加島 巧) and Loretta LORENZ, transl.,(2007 December 30), “Takasebune (English Translation of Mori Ogai's Takasebune)”, in 長崎外大論叢
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 科 (MC kʰuɑ).
Historical readings |
---|
|
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과]
Hanja
Wikisource科 (eumhun 과정 과 (gwajeong gwa))
- Hanja form? of 과 (“sort; class”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 과거 (科擧, gwageo)
- 과목 (科目, gwamok)
- 문과 (文科, mun'gwa)
- 분과 (分科, bun'gwa)
- 이과 (理科, igwa)
- 학과 (學科, hakgwa)
- 과학 (科學, gwahak, “science”)
- 교과 (敎科, gyogwa)
- 교과서 (敎科書, gyogwaseo)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
科: Hán Nôm readings: khoa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Derived terms
- 兒科 (nhi khoa)
- 內科 (nội khoa)
- 外科 (ngoại khoa)
- 多科 (đa khoa)
- 婦科 (phụ khoa)
- 專科 (chuyên khoa)
- 教科 (giáo khoa)
- 牙科 (nha khoa)
- 產婦科 (sản phụ khoa)
- 產科 (sản khoa)
- 百科 (bách khoa)
- 科學 (khoa học)
- 科急救 (khoa cấp cứu)
- 科榜 (khoa bảng)
- 科舉 (khoa cử)
- 莫斯科 (Mạc Tư Khoa)
- 醫科 (y khoa)