禪
See also: 禅
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Translingual
Traditional | 禪 |
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Simplified | 禅 |
Japanese | 禅 |
Korean | 禪 |
Han character
禪 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 戈火口口十 (IFRRJ), four-corner 36256, composition ⿰礻單)
Descendants
- 禅
References
- KangXi: page 846, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24835
- Dae Jaweon: page 1267, character 26
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2408, character 10
- Unihan data for U+79AA
Chinese
trad. | 禪 | |
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simp. | 禅 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 禪 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
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嚲 | *taːlʔ |
癉 | *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn |
奲 | *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ |
驒 | *daːl, *daːn, *teːn |
鼉 | *daːl |
磾 | *teːl |
鷤 | *deːl, *deːls, *daːn |
觶 | *tjal, *tjals |
單 | *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans |
鄲 | *taːn |
殫 | *taːn |
簞 | *taːn |
匰 | *taːn |
襌 | *taːn |
彈 | *daːn, *daːns |
貚 | *daːn, *deːn |
撣 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ |
潬 | *daːnʔ |
僤 | *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan |
憚 | *daːns |
樿 | *tjanʔ |
燀 | *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ |
戰 | *tjans |
闡 | *tʰjanʔ |
繟 | *tʰjanʔ |
幝 | *tʰjanʔ |
嘽 | *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ |
灛 | *tʰjanʔ |
蟬 | *djan |
禪 | *djan, *djans |
嬋 | *djan |
墠 | *djanʔ |
鱓 | *djanʔ |
蕇 | *teːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單/单 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
Etymology
Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
禪
- (Buddhism) dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation
- Buddhist doctrine; Buddhist teachings
- relating to Buddhism; Buddhist; thoughtful; philosophical
Compounds
Derived terms from 禪
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (禪):
- → Japanese: 禅 (zen) (see there for further descendants)
- → Korean: 선(禪) (seon)
- → Vietnamese: thiền (禪)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
禪
- (obsolete) to offer sacrifices to nature
- 封於泰山,禪於梁父。封禪之王,七十二家。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
- Fēng yú Tàishān, Shàn yú Liángfǔ. Fēngshàn zhī wáng, qīshí'èr jiā. [Pinyin]
- Some sevety-two kings performed the Feng sacrifice [to Heaven] on Mount Tai and the Shan sacrifice [to Earth] on Liangfu (translation based on Rickett, 1998)
封于泰山,禅于梁父。封禅之王,七十二家。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 是以封泰山而禪梁甫,朝諸侯而一天下。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 《大戴禮記》 Records of Ritual Matters by Dai the Elder, Late Western Han
- Shìyǐ fēng Tàishān ér shàn Liángfǔ, cháo zhūhóu ér yī tiānxià. [Pinyin]
- So he offered sacrifices to Heaven at Mount Tai and offer sacrifices to Earth at Liangfu; he gathered the various princes and united All under Heaven.
是以封泰山而禅梁甫,朝诸侯而一天下。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to abdicate and pass the throne to someone
- 孔子曰:『唐虞禪,夏后、殷、周繼,其義一也。』 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Kǒngzǐ yuē: ‘Tángyú shàn, Xiàhòu, Yīn, Zhōu jì, qí yì yī yě.’ [Pinyin]
- Confucius said, "Tang and Yu resigned the throne to their worthy ministers. The sovereign of Xia and those of Yin and Zhou transmitted it to their sons. The principle of righteousness was the same in all the cases."
孔子曰:‘唐虞禅,夏后、殷、周继,其义一也。’ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to succeed; to replace
Compounds
Derived terms from 禪
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Pronunciation 3
Definitions
禪
- name of an ancient state
References
- “禪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Shinjitai | 禅 |
Kyūjitai | 禪 |
Kanji
禪
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 禅)
- dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation
Readings
- Go-on: ぜん (zen)
- Kan-on: せん (sen)
- Kun: しずか (shizuka, 禪)←しづか (siduka, historical); ゆずる (yuzuru, 禪る)←ゆづる (yuduru, historical)
Korean
Hanja
禪 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
- Zen
Vietnamese
Han character
禪: Hán Nôm readings: thiền, thiện, xèng
- Dhyana
- Zen Buddhism