禊

禊	U+798A, 禊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798A

← 禉
[U+7989]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禋 →
[U+798B]

Translingual

Han character

禊 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈火手竹大 (IFQHK), four-corner 3723₄, composition ⿰礻契(GHT) or ⿰示契(JK))

semi-annual ceremony of purification

References

KangXi: page 844, character 23

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24760

Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2404, character 1

Unihan data for U+798A

Chinese

trad.		禊
simp. ^#		禊

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
夆	pʰoŋ, boŋ, *ɡaːds
丯	*kreːds
瘛	kʰjeds, ɡeːds, *kʰjed
觢	*ɡjeds
契	kʰeːds, kʰeːd, kʰeːd, kʰɯd
栔	*kʰeːds
禊	*ɡeːds
稧	*ɡeːds
楔	kreːd, sqʰeːd
葜	*kʰreːd
猰	qreːd, kraːd, *kʰeːd
窫	*qreːd
揳	*sqʰeːd
偰	*sqʰeːd
潔	*keːd
絜	keːd, ɡeːd
鍥	keːd, kʰeːd
挈	*kʰeːd
蛪	*kʰeːd
齧	*ŋeːd
褉	*qʰeːd
喫	*ŋ̊ʰeːɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hai⁶
Min Nan (POJ): hē

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sì
  - Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
  - Yale: syì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hai⁶
  - Yale: haih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐi̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hē
  - Tâi-lô: hē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: he
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /he²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /he⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦei^H/

Rime
Character	禊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡計切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦei^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦei^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛj^H/
Li Rong	/ɣei^H/
Wang Li	/ɣiei^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiei^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禊
Reading #	1/1
No.	6495
Phonetic component	丯
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	蒵
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːds/

Definitions

禊

(historical) purification ceremony held in spring and autumn

Compounds

修禊 (xiūxì)
春禊

祓禊
禊帖

秋禊
禊飲／禊饮

Japanese

Alternative forms

禊ぎ

Kanji

禊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Shinto purification ceremony

Readings

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: けい (kei)
Kun: みそぎ (misogi, 禊); みそぐ (misogu, 禊ぐ); はらう (harau, 禊う)^{←はらふ (farafu, historical)}

Compounds

禊萩(ミソハギ) (misohagi), 禊萩(ミゾハギ) (mizohagi, “Lythrum salicaria; Lythrum anceps”)

Etymology

禊 (misogi): a man performing misogi at night under a waterfall at Tsubaki Grand Shrine.

Kanji in this term
禊
みそぎ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

*/mi₁so₂ɡi₁/ → /misoɡi/

From Old Japanese, attested in the Kojiki with 禊, and in the Man'yōshū with 潔, 潔身 and 身秡, leaving the original pronunciation of the initial miso likely unknown. The earliest account of a phonetic spelling is the Heian-period Nihon Shoki-shiki, with 美曽岐 (*/mi₁so₂ɡi₁/). See the Man'yōgana and Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai articles for more detail on ancient spellings.

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 禊ぐ (misogu, “to perform ablutions (on someone)”, archaic).[1]

Some sources[1] suggest that this might be derived from 身 (mi, “body”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”), or alternatively from 水 (mi, “water”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”). Considering that 身 had an ancient reading of /mi₂/, while 水 had an ancient reading of /mi₁/, the latter is a better potential match.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) みそぎ [mìsógí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
(Tokyo) みそぎ [mìsógíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [mʲiso̞ɡʲi]

Noun

禊(みそぎ) • (misogi)

(Shinto) a form of ritual purification, performed with water; ablution
- 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 11, poem 501)
  恋(こひ)せじと御(み)手洗(たらし)川(がは)にせしみそぎ神(かみ)はうけずぞなりにけらしも
  koi seji to Mitarashi-gawa ni seshi misogi kami ni ukezu zo nari ni kerashi mo
  I would love no more, and in the river of cleansing did the lustral rites―but it seems that in the end the god did not accept them.[4]
(Shinto, particularly) a purification ritual held in shrines on the 三十日 (misoka, “last day”) of 水無月 (Minazuki, “sixth lunar month”)
- 1235, Shinchokusen Wakashū (book 3, poem 192; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 98)
  風(かぜ)そよぐならの小(を)川(がは)の夕(ゆふ)暮(ぐ)れはみそぎぞ夏(なつ)のしるしなりける
  kaze soyogu Nara-no-ogawa no yūgure wa misogi zo natsu no shirushi nari keru
  With the wind rustling among the oak leaves on Nara River in the evening dusk, the lustration rite is the sign the season is yet summer.[5]

Derived terms

禊(みそぎ)教(きょう) (Misogi-kyō): sect of Shinto
禊(みそぎ)祓(はらえ) (misogi-harae)

Proper noun

禊(みそぎ) • (Misogi)

a female given name

Verb

禊(みそぎ)する • (misogi suru) transitive suru (stem 禊(みそぎ)し (misogi shi), past 禊(みそぎ)した (misogi shita))

to perform ritual purification or ablutions on someone

Conjugation

Conjugation of "禊する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	禊し	みそぎし	misogi shi
Continuative (連用形)	禊し	みそぎし	misogi shi
Terminal (終止形)	禊する	みそぎする	misogi suru
Attributive (連体形)	禊する	みそぎする	misogi suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	禊すれ	みそぎすれ	misogi sure
Imperative (命令形)	禊せよ¹ 禊しろ²	みそぎせよ¹ みそぎしろ²	misogi seyo¹ misogi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	禊される	みそぎされる	misogi sareru
Causative	禊させる禊さす	みそぎさせるみそぎさす	misogi saseru misogi sasu
Potential	禊できる	みそぎできる	misogi dekiru
Volitional	禊しよう	みそぎしよう	misogi shiyō
Negative	禊しない	みそぎしない	misogi shinai
Negative continuative	禊せず	みそぎせず	misogi sezu
Formal	禊します	みそぎします	misogi shimasu
Perfective	禊した	みそぎした	misogi shita
Conjunctive	禊して	みそぎして	misogi shite
Hypothetical conditional	禊すれば	みそぎすれば	misogi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Edwin A. Cranston (1993) A Waka Anthology: Grasses of remembrance, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 27
Esperanza Ramirez-Christensen (2008) Murmured Conversations: A Treatise on Poetry and Buddhism by the Poet-Monk Shinkei, annotated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 46

Korean

Hanja

禊 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)

semi-annual ceremony of purification

Vietnamese

Han character

禊 (hễ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[4] Edwin A. Cranston (1993) A Waka Anthology: Grasses of remembrance, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 27

[5] Esperanza Ramirez-Christensen (2008) Murmured Conversations: A Treatise on Poetry and Buddhism by the Poet-Monk Shinkei, annotated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 46